Table of keyboard shortcuts

Comparison of keyboard shortcuts

Main article: Keyboard shortcut

Keyboard shortcuts are a common aspect of most modern operating systems and associated software applications. Their use is pervasive enough that some users consider them an important element of their routine interactions with a computer. Whether used as a matter of personal preference or for adaptive technology, the pervasiveness of common conventions means that a meaningful comparison of keyboard shortcuts can be made across various widely used operating systems.

General shortcuts

Many shortcuts (such as , , etc.) are just common conventions and are not handled by the operating system. Whether such commands are implemented (or not) depends on how an actual application program (such as an editor) is written and the frameworks used. Not all applications/frameworks follow (all of) these conventions, so if it doesn't work, it isn't compatible.

Some of the combinations are not true for localized versions of operating systems. For example, in a non-English version of Windows, the Edit menu is not always bound to the shortcut.

Some software (such as KDE) allow their shortcuts to be changed, and the below list contains the defaults.

System navigation

Power management

Screenshots

Text editing

Many of these commands may be combined with to select a region of text.

In macOS, holding while dragging mouse can be used to invert selection, and holding can be used to select by rectangular area in some apps. (These two functionalities may be combined).

In macOS, the default text editing keyboard shortcuts in Cocoa text views can be overridden and new custom shortcuts can be created, by creating and editing related configuration files.{{cite web|website=Apple Developer Documentation Archive|date=September 9, 2013|url=https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/EventOverview/TextDefaultsBindings/TextDefaultsBindings.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310213842/https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/EventOverview/TextDefaultsBindings/TextDefaultsBindings.html|archive-date=March 10, 2024|title=Text System Defaults and Key Bindings |access-date=2024-01-18}}

Text formatting

Browsers / Go menu

Web browsers

Tab management

Window management

User interface navigation (widgets and controls)

Command line shortcuts

Below is a list of common keyboard shortcuts that are used in a command line environment. Bash and Z shell keybindings are derived from Emacs text editing bindings.

Accessibility

• In Windows, it is possible to disable these shortcuts using the Accessibility or Ease of Access control panel.
• In GNOME, these shortcuts are possible, if Universal Access is enabled on the system. I have included the links for GNOME in the stead of shortcuts because there aren't shortcuts; having the links not only allows evidence of the lack of system-default shortcut access, but directs one in search of universal access to that access.

Notes

References

References

1. Hoffman, Chris. (May 4, 2018). "Secret Windows Hotkey Restarts Your Graphics Card Drivers". How-To Geek LLC.
2. Chen, Kent. (May 7, 2018). "Windows 10 Tip: How To Restart Video Driver without Rebooting Computer". Next of Windows.
3. "Take screenshots or screen recordings on Mac".
4. "Use keyboard shortcuts to create PowerPoint presentations - Microsoft Support".
5. "Keyboard shortcuts to select and move text in a document".
6. "Browser Shortcuts". Mirus IT.
7. Takes you to the "Switch User" screen when [[Fast user switching. Fast User Switching]] has been enabled (enabled by default in XP).
8. Shows task manager in Windows XP if the welcome screen is enabled. Otherwise displays an NT-style menu, with the option of launching the task manager; likewise for Vista.
9. Needs to be activated first on some distributions.
10. In Microsoft Windows, all shortcuts with {{#invoke:key. press. Alt. Space followed by another key are language dependent. The {{#invoke:key. press. Alt. Space combination opens the window menu, and the following key selects from the menu. As the menu labels (and their underlined hotkeys) vary with the Windows system language, the hotkeys are different for international versions of Microsoft Windows, and may change if users change their Windows system language preference. The given examples are valid for English user preferences/version of Windows.
11. The WinSplit window manager application for Windows knows to emulate this behaviour.
12. There is no single consistent shortcut for closing a document or quitting an application in Windows XP. In many [[multiple document interface]] applications, {{#invoke:key. press. Ctrl. W or {{#invoke:key. press. Ctrl. F4 closes a document and {{#invoke:key. press. Alt. F4 quits. In other applications where each document is in its own window, such as later versions of [[Microsoft Word]], {{#invoke:key. press. Ctrl. W, {{#invoke:key. press. Ctrl. F4, and {{#invoke:key. press. Alt. F4 close a document, and there is no consistent shortcut for quitting an application.
13. macOS uses {{#invoke:key. press. Cmd. W Close (window), {{#invoke:key. press. Cmd. Q Quit (application), and {{#invoke:key. press. Cmd. Opt. Esc Force Quit (application); {{#invoke:key. press. Option. F4 can be used to quit certain services or applications. Quit is closest to Kill.
14. For the concept of "selected text" see also [[X Window selection]]
15. In whole document ({{#invoke:key. press. %), substitute ({{#invoke:key. press. s) ''fosh'' by ''fish'', don't stop at one substitution per line ({{#invoke:key. press. g) and ask for confirmation for each substitution ({{#invoke:key. press. c).
16. Requires full keyboard access active:
    [[File:Apple logo black.svg. 12px]] (The Apple menu) > System Preferences > Keyboard > Keyboard Shortcuts > Full Keyboard Access > All Controls
    Alternatively use {{#invoke:key. press. Ctrl. F7 to toggle this setting.
17. "sacred" keybindings]].
18. On Mac OS, OS X, and macOS, the key commonly called {{#invoke:key. press. Enter is properly called {{#invoke:key. press. ↩ Return, while {{#invoke:key. press. ⌅ Enter is a separate key normally located on the [[numeric keypad]] or invoked as {{#invoke:key. press. Opt. ↩ Return (mainly on keyboards without a numeric keypad).
19. A full list of all default Cocoa textview key bindings can be dumped by executing this command in Terminal.app: plutil -p /System/​Library/​Frameworks/​AppKit.framework/​Resources/​StandardKeyBinding.dict