Suzaku (satellite)

Spacecraft instruments

Suzaku carried high spectroscopic resolution, very wide energy band instruments for detecting signals ranging from soft X-rays up to gamma-rays (0.3–600 keV). High-resolution spectroscopy and wide-band are essential factors in physically investigating high-energy astronomical phenomena, such as black holes and supernovas. One such feature, the K-line (x-ray), may be key to more direct imaging of black holes.

File:ASTRO-EII XRT.JPG|X-ray Telescope (XRT) – four units (spatial resolution ~2', with field of view of about 17') File:Suzaku HXD.jpg|Hard X-ray Detector (HXD). Uses Gadolinium Silicate crystal (GSO), Gd2SiO5(Ce); uses Bismuth Germanate crystal (BGO), Bi4Ge3O12 File:Suzaku XIS.jpg|X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS) – four units each located in the focus of an XRT (enery range 0.2–12 kev) File:Suzaku XRS.jpg|X-ray Spectrometer-2 (XRS-2)

Mission

Just weeks after launch, on 29 July 2005, the first of a series of cooling system malfunctions occurred. These ultimately caused the entire reservoir of liquid helium to boil off into space by 8 August 2005. This effectively shut down the X-ray Spectrometer-2 (XRS-2), which was the spacecraft's primary instrument. The two other instruments, the X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS) and the Hard X-ray Detector (HXD), were unaffected by the malfunction. As a result, another XRS was integrated into the Hitomi X-ray satellite, launched in 2016, which also was lost weeks after launch. A Hitomi successor, XRISM, launched on 7 September 2023, with an X-ray Spectrometer (Resolve) onboard as the primary instrument.

On 26 August 2015, JAXA announced that communications with Suzaku had been intermittent since 1 June 2015 and that the resumption of scientific operations would take a lot of work to accomplish, given the spacecraft's condition. Mission operators decided to complete the mission imminently, as Suzaku had exceeded its design lifespan by eight years at this point. The mission came to an end on 2 September 2015, when JAXA commanded the radio transmitters on Suzaku to switch themselves off.

Results

Suzaku discovered "fossil" light from a supernova remnant.

ASTRO-E

X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS) Hard X-ray Detector (HXD) X-ray Telescope (XRT)

Suzaku was a replacement for ASTRO-E, which was lost in a launch failure. The M-V launch vehicle on the M-V-4 mission launched on 10 February 2000 at 01:30:00 UTC. It experienced a failure of 1st stage engine nozzle 42 seconds into the launch, causing control system breakdown and underperformance. Later stages could not compensate for underperformance, leaving payload in 250 mi x 50 mi orbit and subsequent reentry and crashed with its payload into the Indian Ocean.{{cite web|author=Kevin Boyce|title=ASTRO-E Launch

References

References

1. "Encyclopedia Astronautica – Toshiba".
2. Kazuhisa Mitsuda. (25 January 2007). "The X-Ray Observatory Suzaku". Astronomical Society of Japan.
3. (8 January 2025). "Atmospheric re-entry of the X-ray Astronomy Satellite "Suzaku" (ASTRO-E II)". ISAS/JAXA.
4. [http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/j/snews/2005/0710_suzaku.shtml すざく（朱雀、''Suzaku''）命名の理由] 2005 JAXA
5. (30 January 2007). "The X-Ray Observatory Suzaku". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan.
6. Tadayuki Takahashi. (25 January 2007). "Hard X-ray Detector (HXD) on Board ''Suzaku''". Astronomical Society of Japan.
7. (26 August 2015). "X-ray Astronomy Satellite "Suzaku" Completes Scientific Mission". National Research and Development Agency (JAXA).
8. Stephen Clark. (4 September 2015). "Japanese X-ray observatory completes decade-long mission".
9. (28 August 2015). "Suzaku Mission Declared Complete". NASA.
10. [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/astro-e2/news/fossil-fireballs.html Suzaku Finds "Fossil" Fireballs from Supernovae 12.30.09] {{PD-notice
11. "History ｜ ISAS".
12. "1 How did M-V-4 fly?".
13. Ray, Justin. (February 10, 2000). "Spaceflight Now {{!}} Breaking News {{!}} Astro-E believed lost following botched launch".