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Spring steel

Variety of steel

Spring steel is a name given to a wide range of steels used in the manufacture of different products, including swords, saw blades, springs and many more. These steels are generally low-alloy manganese, medium-carbon steel or high-carbon steel with a very high yield strength. This allows objects made of spring steel to return to their original shape despite significant deflection or twisting.

Grades

Many grades of steel can be hardened and tempered to increase elasticity and resist deformation; however, some steels are inherently more elastic than others:

SAE grade
(ASTM grade)	Composition	Yield strength	Hardness (HRC)	Comments	Typical	Maximum
1070	0.65-0.75% C, 0.60-0.90% Mn, max .050% S, max .040% P	Normally supplied annealed	165vpn	180vpn	CS70, CK67, C70E
title = McMaster-Carr catalog	publisher = McMaster-Carr	edition = 116th	page = 3630	url = http://www.mcmaster.com/#catalog/116/3630	access-date = 3 September 2010	postscript =.}}	0.70–0.80% C, 0.50–0.80% Mn, max. 0.030% P, max. 0.035% S	62 -	44–50	50	Scaleless blue, or Polished Bright
1080 (A228)	0.7–1.0% C, 0.2–0.6% Mn, 0.1–0.3% Si				Piano wire, music wire, springs, clutch discs
1095 (A684)	0.90–1.03% C, 0.30–0.50% Mn, max. 0.030% P, max. 0.035% S	60 -, annealed	title=Products - Admiral Steel	url=http://www.admiralsteel.com/pdf/catalog.pdf	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040205090008/http://www.admiralsteel.com:80/pdf/catalog.pdf	archive-date=2004-02-05}}	59	Blue, or polished bright spring steel
5160 (A689)	0.55–0.65% C, 0.75–1.00% Mn, 0.70–0.90% Cr	97 ksi		63	Chrome-silicon spring steel; fatigue-resistant
50CrV4 (EN 10277)	0.47–0.55% C, max. 1.10% Mn, 0.90–1.20% Cr, 0.10–0.20% V, max. 0.40% Si	1200 MPa			Old British 735 H1steel, SAE 6150, 735A51
9255	0.50–0.60% C, 0.70–0.95% Mn, 1.80–2.20% Si
301 spring-tempered
stainless steel	0.08–0.15% C, max. 2.00% Mn, 16.00–18.00% Cr, 6.00–8.00% Ni	147 ksi		42	Equivalents EN 10088-2 1.4310, X10CrNi18-8

Applications

Applications include piano wire, spring clamps, antennas, springs (e. g. vehicle coil springs or leaf springs), and s-tines.
Spring steel is commonly used in the manufacture of swords with rounded edges for training or stage combat, as well as sharpened swords for collectors and live combat.
Spring steel is one of the most popular materials used in the fabrication of lockpicks due to its pliability and resilience.
Tubular spring steel is used in the landing gear of some small aircraft due to its ability to absorb the impact of landing.
It is frequently used in the making of knives, machetes, and other edged tools.
It is a key component in electrician's fish tape.
It is used in binder clips.
Used extensively in shims due to its resistance to deformation in low thicknesses.

References

Bibliography

{{cite book

References

(23 October 2006). "Springs".
"McMaster-Carr catalog". McMaster-Carr.
"74-75 Carbon Spring Steel". Precision Steel Warehouse.
"SAE-AISI 1074 (G10740) Carbon Steel". MakeItFrom.com.
"ASTM A228 (SWP-A, K08500) Music Wire". MakeItFrom.com.
"95 Carbon Spring Steel". Precision Steel Warehouse.
"Products - Admiral Steel".
"McMaster-Carr catalog". McMaster-Carr.
Oberg, Erik, and F D. Jones. ''Machinery's Handbook''. 15th ed. New York: The Industrial Press, 1956. 1546–1551. Print.
"McMaster-Carr catalog". McMaster-Carr.
Store, SBG Sword. "Kingston Arms".
"Arnold Stage Combat Sword".

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