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Soyuz-T

Third-generation of the Soyuz spacecraft

Field	Value
image	Soyuz-T drawing.png
caption	Soyuz-T spacecraft
name	Soyuz-T
manufacturer	Korolev
country	USSR
applications	Carry three cosmonauts to Salyut and Mir space stations and back
operator	Soviet space program
orbits	Low Earth orbit
derivedfrom	Soyuz 7K-T
Military Soyuz
Soyuz 7K-TM
derivatives	Soyuz-TM
status	Out of service
launched	18
first	4 April 1978 (Kosmos 1001)
last	16 March 1986 (Soyuz T-15)

Military Soyuz Soyuz 7K-TM

The Soyuz-T () was the third generation of the Soyuz spacecraft and operated from 1979 to 1986. The T designation stood for "transport" (), reflecting its primary role ferrying crews to and from space stations. The design was based on the second-generation Soyuz 7K-T and incorporated experience gained from the Military Soyuz program and the Soyuz 7K-TM used for the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project.

Soyuz-T introduced several major improvements over earlier models. It was the first Soyuz to use solid-state electronics and featured an upgraded onboard computer intended to reduce the docking difficulties encountered on previous missions. Solar panels returned to the design, enabling autonomous flight for up to 11 days, and the spacecraft adopted a new propulsion system, the KTDU-426. Unlike preceding versions, Soyuz-T could carry three cosmonauts wearing pressure suits.

Missions

Main article: List of Soviet human spaceflight missions

Between 1979 and 1986, a total of 18 Soyuz T spacecraft were launched into LEO, 13 of which carried cosmonauts to and from the space stations Salyut 6, Salyut 7, and Mir.

Mission	Crew	Launch	Landing	Duration	Notes
Kosmos 1001	None	4 Apr 1978	15 Apr 1978		Uncrewed test flight. Partial failure of systems led to early landing.
Kosmos 1074	None	31 Jan 1979	1 Apr 1979		Uncrewed test flight. Last Soyuz spacecraft with a Kosmos designation
Soyuz T-1	None	16 Dec 1979	25 Mar 1980		Uncrewed test flight to Salyut 6
Soyuz T-2	Salyut 6 EP-6:
Yury Malyshev
Vladimir Aksyonov	5 Jun 1980	9 Jun 1980		Crewed test flight to Salyut 6
Soyuz T-3	Salyut 6 EO-5:
Leonid Kizim
Oleg Makarov
Gennady Strekalov	27 Nov 1980	10 Dec 1980		First Soyuz mission with a three cosmonaut crew since the fatal flight of Soyuz 11
Soyuz T-4	Salyut 6 EO-6:
Vladimir Kovalyonok
Viktor Savinykh	12 Mar 1981	26 May 1981
Soyuz T-5	Salyut 7 EO-1:
Anatoli Berezovoy
Valentin Lebedev	13 May 1982	27 Aug 1982		Both Berezovoy and Lebedev returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-7 after 211 days in space
Soyuz T-6	Salyut 7 EP-1:
Vladimir Dzhanibekov
Aleksandr Ivanchenkov
Jean-Loup Chrétien	24 Jun 1982	2 Jul 1982		Chrétien becomes the first French citizen in space
Soyuz T-7	Salyut 7 EP-2:
Leonid Popov
Aleksandr Serebrov
Svetlana Savitskaya	19 Aug 1982	10 Dec 1982		Savitskaya becomes the second woman in space after Valentina Tereshkova in 1963. All cosmonauts returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-5 after 8 days in space
Soyuz T-8	Vladimir Titov
Gennady Strekalov
Aleksandr Serebrov	20 Apr 1983	22 Apr 1983		Failed to reach Salyut 7 after its Igla docking system was damaged during launch
Soyuz T-9	Salyut 7 EO-2:
Vladimir Lyakhov
Aleksandr Aleksandrov	27 Jun 1983	23 Nov 1983
Soyuz T-10-1	Vladimir Titov
Gennadi Strekalov	26 Sept 1983		Failed to reach Salyut 7 after its carrier rocket caught fire and exploded, thus activating its launch escape system
Soyuz T-10	Salyut 7 EO-3:
Leonid Kizim
Vladimir Solovyov
Oleg Atkov	8 Feb 1984	11 Apr 1984		All cosmonauts returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-11 after 237 days in space
Soyuz T-11	Salyut 7 EP-3:
Yuri Malyshev
Gennady Strekalov
Rakesh Sharma	3 Apr 1984	2 Oct 1984		Sharma becomes first Indian citizen in space. All cosmonauts returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-10 after 8 days in space
Soyuz T-12	Salyut 7 EP-4:
Vladimir Dzhanibekov
Svetlana Savitskaya
Igor Volk	17 Jul 1984	29 Jul 1984
Soyuz T-13	Salyut 7 EO-4a:
Vladimir Dzhanibekov
Viktor Savinykh	6 Jun 1985	26 Sept 1985		Repaired the crippled station during their stay. Savinykh returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-14 after 168 days in space
Soyuz T-14	Salyut 7 EO-4b:
Vladimir Vasyutin
Alexander Volkov
Salyut 7 EP-5:
Georgi Grechko	17 Sept 1985	21 Nov 1985		Grechko returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-13 after 9 days in space. Mission ended prematurely after Vasyutin fell ill aboard the station
Soyuz T-15	Salyut 7 EO-5 / Mir EO-1:
Leonid Kizim
Vladimir Solovyov	13 Mar 1986	16 Jul 1986		Visited both Salyut 7 and Mir, the only crewed spaceflight to visit two space stations

References

Info: Wikipedia Source

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crewed-spacecraft soyuz-programme vehicles-introduced-in-1979

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