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Soyuz 7K-TM

Variant of the 2nd-generation Soyuz spacecraft (1974–1976)

Field	Value
image	Soyuz 19 (Apollo Soyuz Test Project) spacecraft.jpg
image_size	300px
caption	Soyuz 19, a Soyuz 7K-TM spacecraft, during the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (ASTP).
name	Soyuz 7K-TM
manufacturer	OKB-1
country	Soviet Union
applications	Crewed spacecraft
orbits	Low Earth
operator	Soviet space program
derivedfrom	Soyuz 7K-T
derivatives	Soyuz 7K-S
Soyuz 7K-ST
Soyuz 7K-MF6
status	Retired
launched	5
retired	5
first	3 April 1974
Kosmos 638
last	15 September 1976
Soyuz 22
autoconvert	off
; Height: {{convert	7.48	m	abbr	on}}
; Diameter: {{convert	2.72	m	abbr	on}}
; Volume: {{convert	9	m3	abbr	on}}

Soyuz 7K-ST Soyuz 7K-MF6

Kosmos 638 Soyuz 22

; Height: 7.48 m ; Diameter: 2.72 m ; Volume: 9 m3

The 1975 Apollo–Soyuz Test Project version of the Soyuz spacecraft (Soyuz 7K-TM) served as a technological bridge to the third generation Soyuz-T (T - транспортный, Transportnyi meaning transport) spacecraft (1976–1986).

The Soyuz ASTP spacecraft was designed for use during the Apollo Soyuz Test Project as Soyuz 19. It featured design changes to increase compatibility with the American craft. The Soyuz ASTP featured new solar panels for increased mission length, an APAS-75 docking mechanism instead of the standard male mechanism, and modifications to the environmental control system to lower the cabin pressure to 0.68 atmospheres (69 kPa) prior to docking with Apollo. The ASTP Soyuz backup craft flew as the Soyuz 22 mission, replacing the docking port with a camera.

Missions

Main article: List of Soviet human spaceflight missions

There are only five spaceflights of the Soyuz 7K-TM spacecraft, mostly in support for the joint US-Soviet Apollo–Soyuz mission. Excess hardware that flew on its final flight (Soyuz 22) were sometimes referred to its own unique configuration called the Soyuz 7K-MF6

Mission	Crew	Launch	Landing	Duration	Notes
Kosmos 638	None	3 Apr 1974	13 Apr 1974		First test flight of the APAS-75 docking system
Kosmos 672	None	12 Aug 1974	18 Aug 1974		Second test flight of the APAS-75 docking system
Soyuz 16	URS Anatoly Filipchenko
URS Nikolai Rukavishnikov	2 Dec 1974	8 Dec 1974		Third and final dress rehearsal of testing the APAS-75 docking system for the subsequent ASTP mission
Soyuz 19	URS Alexei Leonov
URS Valery Kubasov	15 Jul 1975	21 Jul 1975		Part of the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project, the first international crewed spaceflight in history
Soyuz 22	URS Valery Bykovsky
URS Vladimir Aksyonov	15 Sept 1976	23 Sept 1976		Earth sciences and (possibly a) reconnaissance mission. Final crewed Soyuz spaceflight to not visit a space station

Images

File:S74-24913.jpg Image:Soyuz 7K-TM (APAS) drawing.png Image:Soyuz-19 - Side View.jpg Image:Soyuz-19 Docking End.jpg Image:Soyuz 19 DPO.JPG Image:Soyuz 19 SKD.jpg Image:Soyuz 19 connection PAO SA 1.jpg Image:Soyuz 19 connection PAO SA 2.jpg Image:Soyuz_19_periscope.jpg

References

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Info: Wikipedia Source

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crewed-spacecraft soyuz-programme vehicles-introduced-in-1976 apollo–soyuz-test-project

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