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Soyuz 7K-OKS

Crewed spacecraft of the Soyuz programme to dock with Salyut 1 space station

Crewed spacecraft of the Soyuz programme to dock with Salyut 1 space station

FieldValue
nameSoyuz 7K-OKS
imageMir-20.jpg
size300px
manufacturerOKB-1
countrySoviet Union
applicationsCrewed spacecraft to dock with space station
orbitsLow Earth orbit
operatorSoviet space program
lifetimeUp to 35 days
derivedfromSoyuz 7K-OK
derivativesSoyuz 7K-T
statusNo longer in service
launched2
firstSoyuz 10
22 April 1971
lastSoyuz 11
6 June 1971

22 April 1971 6 June 1971

; Height: 7.94 m ; Volume: 9000 m3

Soyuz 7K-OKS (also known as Soyuz 7KT-OK) is a version of the Soyuz spacecraft and was the first spacecraft designed for space station flights. Its only crewed flights were conducted in 1971, with Soyuz 10 and Soyuz 11.

Design

The two craft of the Soyuz 7K-OKS generation were modified from the original Soyuz 7K-OK. The new "probe and drogue" docking mechanism, which was first used by these two missions, featured an internal docking hatch that allowed for the first time internal transfer between Soviet spacecraft. This "probe and drogue" docking mechanism introduced with Soyuz 7K-OKS is still in use today at the International Space Station (ISS). The external toroidal fuel tank, a holdover from the original lunar mission models of the Soyuz, was dropped from the 7K-OKS since it was unneeded for Earth orbital flights.

Flights

The Soyuz 7K-OKS flew only twice, Soyuz 10 and Soyuz 11.

On its maiden flight, the Soyuz 7K-OKS successfully launched into Earth orbit, but failed to dock completely with the Salyut 1 space station. Upon reentry, the spacecraft encountered problems with toxic fumes.

This generation of Soyuz spacecraft is notable for the first successful delivery of crew to the first space station Salyut 1 by Soyuz 11 – this success was however overshadowed by the death of the crew, who were killed when the capsule depressurised during the re-entry phase.

Missions

MissionCrewLaunchLandingDurationNotes
Soyuz 10URS Vladimir Shatalov
URS Aleksei Yeliseyev
URS Nikolai Rukavishnikov22 April 197124 April 1971Docking with Salyut 1 failed
Soyuz 11URS Georgy Dobrovolsky
URS Vladislav Volkov
URS Viktor Patsayev6 June 197129 June 1971First crewed mission to visit a space station successfully (Salyut 1), however all cosmonauts were killed from asphyxiation during landing

References

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References

  1. "Soyuz 7KT-OK". Astronautix.
  2. "Soyuz 10". Astronautix.
  3. (14 May 2020). "Soyuz 11 1971-053A". NASA.
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