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Sodium hydrosulfide

Sodium sulfhydrate Sodium hydrogen sulfide 55 °C (dihydrate) 22 °C (trihydrate) | NFPA-H = 3 | NFPA-F = 2 Sodium amide

Sodium hydrosulfide is the chemical compound with the formula NaSH. This compound is the product of the half-neutralization of hydrogen sulfide () with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). NaSH and sodium sulfide are used industrially, often for similar purposes. Solid NaSH is colorless. The solid has an odor of owing to hydrolysis by atmospheric moisture. In contrast with sodium sulfide (), which is insoluble in organic solvents, NaSH, being a 1:1 electrolyte, is more soluble.

Structure and properties

thumb|left|194px|Atomic structure of crystalline NaSH according to [[X-ray crystallography]]. Color code: violet = Na, yellow = S, white = H. Crystalline NaSH undergoes two phase transitions. At temperatures above 360 K, NaSH adopts the NaCl structure, which implies that the behaves as a spherical anion owing to its rapid rotation, leading to equal occupancy of eight equivalent positions. Below 360 K, a rhombohedral structure forms, and the sweeps out a discoidal shape. Below 114 K, the structure becomes monoclinic. The analogous rubidium and potassium compounds behave similarly.

NaSH has a relatively low melting point of 350 °C. In addition to the aforementioned anhydrous forms, it can be obtained as two hydrates, and . These three species are all colorless and behave similarly but not identically.

Preparation

A laboratory synthesis entails treatment of sodium ethoxide (NaOEt) with hydrogen sulfide: :

An alternative method involves reaction of sodium with hydrogen sulfide.

Applications

Thousands of tons of NaSH are produced annually. Its main uses are in cloth and paper manufacture as a makeup chemical for sulfur used in the kraft process, as a flotation agent in copper mining where it is used to activate oxide mineral species, and in the leather industry for the removal of hair from hides.

References

References

  1. (2002). "Dynamics of anions and cations in hydrogensulfides of alkali metals (NaHS, KHS, RbHS): A proton nuclear magnetic resonance study". [[J. Chem. Phys.]].
  2. Eibeck, R. I.. (1963). "Inorganic Syntheses".
  3. (2010). "Hydrosulfide (HS−) Coordination in Iron Porphyrinates". Inorganic Chemistry.
  4. (2013). "Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology".
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sodium-compounds hydrosulfides
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