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Sodium arsenite

hygroscopic | NFPA-H = 4 | NFPA-R = 0 | NFPA-F = 0 | NFPA-S =

Sodium arsenite usually refers to the inorganic compound with the formula NaAsO2. Also called sodium meta-arsenite, it is an inorganic polymer consisting of the infinite chains [AsO2] associated with sodium cations, Na+. The polymer backbone has the connectivity -O-As(O−)-.backbone. Sodium ortho-arsenite is Na3AsO3. Both compounds are colourless solids. A mixture of sodium meta-arsenite and sodium ortho-arsenite is produced by treating arsenic trioxide with sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide. Sodium arsenite is amorphous, typically being obtained as a powder or as a glassy mass.

Health effects

Sodium arsenite can be inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Along with its known carcinogenic and teratogenic effects, contact with the substance can yield symptoms such as skin irritation, burns, itching, thickened skin, rash, loss of pigment, poor appetite, a metallic or garlic taste, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, decreased blood pressure, and headache. Severe acute poisoning may lead to nervous system damage resulting in weakness, poor coordination, or “pins and needles” sensations, eventual paralysis, and death.

Application

Sodium arsenites are primarily used as a pesticide, but has other uses such as hide preservative, antiseptic, dyeing, and soaps.

Sodium arsenite is an appropriate chemical stressor to induce the production of heat shock proteins, and the formation of cytoplasmic stress granules.

Sodium arsenite can be used as a reducing agent in organic chemistry, as it is able to reduce a trihaloalkane to a dihaloalkane: :CHBr3 + Na3AsO3 + NaOH → CH2Br2 + Na3AsO4 + NaBr

Safety

The LD50 (oral, mouse) is 40 mg/kg or 150 mg/kg (dermal, rat)

References

{{PGCH. 0038
Eagleton M.. (2011). "Concise Encyclopedia Chemistry". Walter de Gruyter.
Greenwood, N. N.; & Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd Edn.), Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. {{ISBN. 0-7506-3365-4.
New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services. Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet: Sodium Arsenite [http://nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/1683.pdf] (2013-05-01)
(2012). "Changes in the synaptic structure of hippocampal neurons and impairment of spatial memory in a rat model caused by chronic arsenite exposure". Neurotoxicology.
Considine G.D.. (2005). "Van Nostrand's Encyclopedia of Chemistry. 14th Ed". Wiley.
(2008). "Sodium arsenite induces heat shock protein 70 expression and protects against secretagogue-induced trypsinogen and NF-kappaB activation". J Cell Physiol.
(2005-04-29). "Heme-regulated Inhibitor Kinase-mediated Phosphorylation of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2 Inhibits Translation, Induces Stress Granule Formation, and Mediates Survival upon Arsenite Exposure". Journal of Biological Chemistry.
Grund, S. C.; Hanusch, K.; Wolf, H. U.. "Arsenic and Arsenic Compounds".
"Safety Data Sheet". Ricca Chemical Company.

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arsenites sodium-compounds

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