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Secretary of State for Defence

Member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom


Member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom

FieldValue
postUnited Kingdom
Secretary of State for Defence
insigniaCoat of arms of the United Kingdom (2022, lesser arms).svg
insigniacaptionRoyal Arms of His Majesty's Government
flagFlag of the British Secretary of State for Defence.svg
flagcaptionFlag of the Secretary of State for Defence
imageFile:John Healey Official Cabinet Portrait, July 2024 (cropped).jpg
incumbentJohn Healey
incumbentsince5 July 2024
departmentMinistry of Defence
style
typeMinister of the Crown
statusSecretary of State
member_of{{plainlist
reports_toThe Prime Minister
seatWestminster
nominatorThe Prime Minister
appointerThe Monarch
appointer_qualified(on the advice of the Prime Minister)
termlengthAt His Majesty's pleasure
constituting_instrument[Defence (Transfer of Functions) Act 1964](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1964/15) section 1(1)(a)
precursor
formation1 April 1964
firstPeter Thorneycroft
salary£159,038 per annum (2022)
(including £86,584 MP salary)
website
deputyMinister of State for Defence Procurement and Industry

Secretary of State for Defence

  • Cabinet
  • Privy Council
  • National Security Council
  • Defence Council
  • Admiralty Board
  • Army Board
  • Air Force Board}} (including £86,584 MP salary) The secretary of state for defence, also known as the defence secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with responsibility for the Ministry of Defence. As a senior minister, the incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom.

The post of secretary of state for defence was created on 1 April 1964, replacing the positions of minister of defence, first lord of the admiralty, secretary of state for war, and secretary of state for air, while the individual offices of the British Armed Forces were abolished and their functions transferred to the Ministry of Defence. In 2019, Penny Mordaunt became the UK's first female defence secretary.

The secretary of state is supported by the other ministers in the Defence Ministerial Team and the MOD permanent secretary. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow secretary of state for defence, and the secretary of state is also scrutinised by the Defence Select Committee.

The current secretary of state for defence is John Healey, who was appointed on 5 July 2024 following the 2024 United Kingdom general election.

Responsibilities

In contrast to what is generally known as a defence minister in many other countries, the Defence Secretary's remit includes:

  • Strategic military and defensive operations. The postholder is a member of the National Security Council, and chair of the Defence Council, to which the monarch has given the power to command the Armed Forces.
  • Oversight of Defence Intelligence
  • Relations with international partnerships, including NATO
  • Defence policy (Trident nuclear weapons programme), resourcing and planning
  • Communications on defence

History

Minister for Co-ordination of Defence (1936–1940)

Main article: Minister for Co-ordination of Defence

The position of minister for co-ordination of defence was a British Cabinet-level position established in 1936 to oversee and co-ordinate the rearmament of Britain's defences. It was established by the prime minister, Stanley Baldwin, in response to criticism that Britain's armed forces were understrength compared to those of Nazi Germany. When the Second World War broke out, the new prime minister Neville Chamberlain formed a small War Cabinet and it was expected that the minister would serve as a spokesperson for the three service ministers, the secretary of state for war, the first lord of the admiralty and the secretary of state for air; however, political considerations resulted in all three posts being included in the Cabinet, and this role proved increasingly redundant. In April 1940 the position was formally wound up and the functions transferred to other ministers.

MinisterTerm of officePartyMinistry
Conservative Party (UK)}}"[[File:Thomas_Inskip.jpg110px]]**Thomas Inskip**MP for Fareham(1876–1947)13 March 1936
Chamberlain I
Independent (politician)}}"[[File:Echatfield.jpg110px]]**Ernle Chatfield**1st Baron Chatfield(1873–1967)29 January 1939
Chamberlain War

Minister of Defence (1940–1964)

Main article: Ministry of Defence (1947–1964), Minister of Defence (United Kingdom)

The post of minister of defence was responsible for co-ordination of defence and security from its creation in 1940 until its abolition in 1964. The post was a Cabinet level post and generally ranked above the three service ministers, some of whom, however, continued to also serve in Cabinet.

On his appointment as prime minister in May 1940, Winston Churchill created for himself the new post of minister of defence. The post was created in response to previous criticism that there had been no clear single minister in charge of the prosecution of World War II. In 1946, the post became the only cabinet-level post representing the military, with the three service ministers – the secretary of state for war, the first lord of the admiralty, and the secretary of state for air, now formally subordinated to the minister of defence.

PortraitName
(birth–death)Term of officeTenurePolitical partyMinistryTook officeLeft officeConservative Party (UK)}}"Labour Party (UK)}}"Labour Party (UK)}}"Conservative Party (UK)}}"Independent (politician)}}"Conservative Party (UK)}}"Conservative Party (UK)}}"Conservative Party (UK)}}"Conservative Party (UK)}}"Conservative Party (UK)}}"Conservative Party (UK)}}"Conservative Party (UK)}}"
[[File:Churchill1944.png110px]]**Winston Churchill**MP for Epping(1874–1965)10 May 194027 July 1945ConservativeChurchill War
Churchill Caretaker
[[File:Attlee_BW_cropped.jpg110px]]**Clement Attlee**MP for Limehouse(1883–1967)27 July 194520 December 1946LabourAttlee I
Labour Co-operative}}"[[File:INF3-62_A_V_Alexander_Artist's_signature_E_A_B.jpg110px]]**A. V. Alexander**MP for Sheffield Hillsborough(1885–1965)20 December 194628 February 1950Labour Co-op
[[File:Emanuel_Shinwel_HU_059765_(crop).jpg110px]]**Emanuel Shinwell**MP for Easington(1884–1986)28 February 195026 October 1951LabourAttlee II
[[File:Churchill_portrait_NYP_45063.jpg110px]]**Winston Churchill**MP for Woodford(1874–1965)28 October 19511 March 1952ConservativeChurchill III
[[File:Sir_Harold_Alexander_026065.jpg157x157px]]**Harold Alexander**
1st Earl Alexander of Tunis(1891–1969)1 March 195218 October 1954Independent
[[File:Harold_Macmillan_in_1942.jpg135x135px]]**Harold Macmillan**MP for Bromley(1894–1986)18 October 19547 April 1955Conservative
[[File:SelwynLloyd1960.jpg147x147px]]**Selwyn Lloyd**MP for The Wirral(1904–1978)7 April 195520 December 1955ConservativeEden
[[File:Sir_Walter_Monckton,_January_1942_IWM_A_6697_(cropped).jpg127x127px]]**Walter Monckton**MP for Bristol West(1891–1965)20 December 195518 October 1956Conservative
[[File:Blank.png60x60px]]**Antony Head**MP for Carshalton(1906–1983)18 October 19569 January 1957Conservative
[[File:Sandys_1944_cropped.jpg135x135px]]**Duncan Sandys**MP for Streatham(1906–1987)13 January 195714 October 1959ConservativeMacmillan I
[[File:Blank.png60x60px]]**Harold Watkinson**MP for Woking(1910–1995)14 October 195913 July 1962ConservativeMacmillan II
[[File:Peter_Thorneycroft_cropped.png138x138px]]**Peter Thorneycroft**
MP for Monmouth(1909–1994)13 July 19621 April 1964Conservative
Douglas-Home

Secretary of State for Defence (1964–present)

The post was created in 1964 as successor to the posts of minister for coordination of defence and minister of defence. It replaced the positions of first lord of the admiralty, secretary of state for war and secretary of state for air, as the Admiralty, War Office and Air Ministry were merged into the Ministry of Defence (the secretary of state for war had already ceased to be a cabinet position in 1946, with the creation of the cabinet-level minister of defence).

PortraitName
(birth–death)Term of officeTenurePartyMinistryConservative Party (UK)}}"Labour Party (UK)}}"Conservative Party (UK)}}"Conservative Party (UK)}}"Labour Party (UK)}}"Labour Party (UK)}}"Conservative Party (UK)}}"Conservative Party (UK)}}"Conservative Party (UK)}}"Conservative Party (UK)}}"Conservative Party (UK)}}"Conservative Party (UK)}}"Labour Party (UK)}}"Labour Party (UK)}}; border-bottom:solid 1px " height=37Labour Party (UK)}}"Labour Party (UK)}}"Labour Party (UK)}}; border-bottom:solid 1px " height=37Labour Party (UK)}}"Labour Party (UK)}}"Labour Party (UK)}}"Conservative Party (UK)}}"Conservative Party (UK)}}"Conservative Party (UK)}}"Conservative Party (UK)}}"Conservative Party (UK)}}"Conservative Party (UK)}}"Conservative Party (UK)}}"Labour Party (UK)}}"
[[File:Peter Thorneycroft cropped.png110px]]**Peter Thorneycroft**
MP for Monmouth
(1909–1994)1 April 196416 October 1964ConservativeDouglas-Home
[[File:Denis Healey.jpg110px]]**Denis Healey**
MP for Leeds East
(1917–2015)16 October 196419 June 1970LabourWilson
(I & II)
[[File:Peter Carington 1984.jpg110px]]**Peter Carington**
6th **Baron Carrington**
(1919–2018)20 June 19708 January 1974ConservativeHeath
**Ian Gilmour**
MP for Central Norfolk
(1926–2007)8 January 19744 March 1974Conservative
**Roy Mason**
MP for Barnsley
(1924–2015)5 March 19749 September 1976LabourWilson
(III & IV)
[[File:Fred Mulley.PNG110px]]**Fred Mulley**
MP for Sheffield Park
(1918–1995)10 September 19764 May 1979LabourCallaghan
[[File:Francis Leslie Pym.jpg110px]]**Francis Pym**
MP for Cambridgeshire
(1922–2008)5 May 19794 January 1981ConservativeThatcher I
[[File:John Nott 02 (cropped).jpg110px]]**John Nott**
MP for St Ives
(1932–2024)5 January 19815 January 1983Conservative
[[File:Meeting of the Kangaroo group in December 1988 with British MP Michael HESELTINE 2 (cropped).jpg146x146px]]**Michael Heseltine**
MP for Henley
(born 1933)6 January 19838 January 1986ConservativeThatcher II
Conservative Party (UK)}}"[[File:George Younger.JPEG110px]]**George Younger**
MP for Ayr
(1931–2003)9 January 198623 July 1989Conservative
Thatcher III
[[File:Official portrait of Lord King of Bridgwater crop 2.jpg110px]]**Tom King**
MP for Bridgwater
(born 1933)28 July 19899 April 1992Conservative
Major I
[[File:Malcolm Rifkind 2011 (cropped).jpg110px]]**Malcolm Rifkind**
MP for Edinburgh Pentlands
(born 1946)10 April 19924 July 1995ConservativeMajor II
[[File:Michael_Portillo_(cropped).jpg132x132px]]**Michael Portillo**
MP for Enfield Southgate
(born 1953)5 July 19952 May 1997Conservative
[[File:Defense.gov News Photo 980603-D-9880W-177 (cropped).jpg145x145px]]**George Robertson**
MP for Hamilton South
(born 1946)3 May 199711 October 1999LabourBlair I
[[File:Geoff Hoon Headshot.jpg110px]]**Geoff Hoon**
MP for Ashfield
(born 1953)11 October 19996 May 2005Labour
Blair II
[[File:ReidTaormina_crop.jpgframeless148x148px]]**John Reid**
MP for Airdrie and Shotts
(born 1947)6 May 2005[5 May 2006](2006-british-cabinet-reshuffle)LabourBlair III
[[File:Browne and gates (cropped).jpg146x146px]]**Des Browne**
MP for Kilmarnock and Loudoun
(born 1952)[5 May 2006](2006-british-cabinet-reshuffle)3 October 2008Labour
Brown
[[File:Msc 2009-Sunday, 11.00 - 12.30 Uhr-Zwez 005 Hutton detail.jpg110px]]**John Hutton**
MP for Barrow and Furness
(born 1955)3 October 20085 June 2009Labour
[[File:The Rt Hon Bob Ainsworth MP (4799292710).jpg110px]]**Bob Ainsworth**
MP for Coventry North East
(born 1952)5 June 200911 May 2010Labour
[[File:Liam Fox MP (cropped).jpg146x146px]]**Liam Fox**
MP for North Somerset
(born 1961)12 May 201014 October 2011ConservativeCameron–Clegg
(*Con.–L.D.*)
[[File:Meeting at the Pentagon 130502-M-EV637-528 (cropped).jpg146x146px]]**Philip Hammond**
MP for Runnymede and Weybridge
(born 1955)14 October 2011[15 July 2014](2014-british-cabinet-reshuffle)Conservative
[[File:Michael Fallon February 2015.jpg110px]]**Michael Fallon**
MP for Sevenoaks
(born 1952)[15 July 2014](2014-british-cabinet-reshuffle)1 November 2017Conservative
Cameron II
May I
May II
[[File:Official portrait of Rt Hon Gavin Williamson MP crop 2.jpg110px]]**Gavin Williamson**
MP for South Staffordshire
(born 1976)2 November 20171 May 2019Conservative
[[File:Rt Hon Penny Mordaunt.jpg110px]]**Penny Mordaunt**
MP for Portsmouth North
(born 1973)1 May 201924 July 2019Conservative
[[File:Official portrait of Rt Hon Ben Wallace MP crop 2.jpg110px]]**Ben Wallace**
MP for Wyre and Preston North
(born 1970)24 July 201931 August 2023ConservativeJohnson I
Johnson II
Truss
Sunak
[[File:BEIS Secretary Grant Shapps visit to The UAE (52625570593) (cropped).jpg146x146px]]**Grant Shapps**
MP for Welwyn Hatfield
(born 1968)31 August 20235 July 2024Conservative
[[File:John Healey Official Cabinet Portrait, July 2024 (cropped) 2.jpg146x146px]]**John Healey**
MP for Rawmarsh and Conisbrough
(born 1960)5 July 2024*Incumbent*LabourStarmer

Timeline

TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal AlignBars = late PlotArea = width:85% left:10 top:10 bottom:50 Legend = columns:1 left:120 top:20 columnwidth:175

Define $today =

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1935 till:31/12/ TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal

Colors = id:conservative value:rgb(0,0.53,0.86) legend: Conservative_and_Unionist_Party id:labour value:rgb(0.86,0.08,0.18) legend: Labour_Party id:independent value:rgb(0.6,0.6,0.6) legend: Independent_or_no_party id:liteline value:rgb(0.9,0.9,0.9) id:line value:rgb(0.8,0.8,0.8)

ScaleMajor = gridcolor:line unit:year increment:10 start:1940 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:liteline unit:year increment:2 start:1936

TextData = pos:(20,25) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Political parties:"

BarData = bar:Inskip bar:Chatfield bar:Churchill bar:Attlee bar:Alexander bar:Shinwell bar:Tunis bar:Macmillan bar:LLoyd bar:Monckton bar:Head bar:Sandys bar:Watkinson bar:Thorneycroft bar:Healey bar:Carrington bar:Gilmour bar:Mason bar:Mulley bar:Pym bar:Nott bar:Heseltine bar:Younger bar:King bar:Rifkind bar:Portillo bar:Robertson bar:Hoon bar:Reid bar:Browne bar:Hutton bar:Ainsworth bar:Fox bar:Hammond bar:Fallon bar:Williamson bar:Mordaunt bar:Wallace bar:Shapps bar:Healey2

PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till

bar:Inskip from: 13/03/1936 till: 29/01/1939 color:Conservative text:"Thomas Inskip" bar:Chatfield from: 29/01/1939 till: 03/04/1940 color:Independent text:"Ernle Chatfield" bar:Churchill from: 10/05/1940 till: 27/07/1945 color:Conservative from: 29/10/1951 till: 01/03/1952 color:Conservative text:"Winston Churchill" bar:Attlee from: 27/07/1945 till: 20/12/1946 color:Labour text:"Clement Attlee" bar:Alexander from: 20/12/1946 till: 28/02/1950 color:Labour text:"A. V. Alexander" bar:Shinwell from: 28/02/1950 till: 26/10/1951 color:Labour text:"Emanuel Shinwell" bar:Tunis from: 01/03/1952 till: 18/10/1954 color:Independent text:"Harold Alexander" bar:Macmillan from: 18/10/1954 till: 07/04/1955 color:Conservative text:"Harold Macmillan" bar:LLoyd from: 07/04/1955 till: 20/12/1955 color:Conservative text:"Selwyn Lloyd" bar:Monckton from: 20/12/1955 till: 18/10/1956 color:Conservative text:"Walter Monckton" bar:Head from: 18/10/1956 till: 09/01/1957 color:Conservative text:"Antony Head" bar:Sandys from: 13/01/1957 till: 14/10/1959 color:Conservative text:"Duncan Sandys" bar:Watkinson from: 14/10/1959 till: 13/07/1962 color:Conservative text:"Harold Watkinson" bar:Thorneycroft from: 13/07/1962 till: 16/10/1964 color:Conservative text:"Peter Thorneycraft" bar:Healey from: 16/10/1964 till: 19/06/1970 color:Labour text:"Denis Healey" bar:Carrington from: 20/06/1970 till: 08/01/1974 color:Conservative text:"Peter Carrington" bar:Gilmour from: 08/01/1974 till: 04/03/1974 color:Conservative text:"Ian Gilmour" bar:Mason from: 05/03/1974 till: 09/09/1976 color:Labour text:"Roy Mason" bar:Mulley from: 10/09/1976 till: 04/05/1979 color:Labour text:"Fred Mulley" bar:Pym from: 05/05/1979 till: 04/01/1981 color:Conservative text:"Francis Pym" bar:Nott from: 05/01/1981 till: 05/01/1983 color:Conservative text:"John Nott" bar:Heseltine from: 06/01/1983 till: 08/01/1986 color:Conservative text:"Michael Heseltine" bar:Younger from: 09/01/1986 till: 23/07/1989 color:Conservative text:"George Younger" bar:King from: 28/07/1989 till: 09/04/1992 color:Conservative text:"Tom King" bar:Rifkind from: 10/04/1992 till: 04/07/1995 color:Conservative text:"Malcom Rifkind" bar:Portillo from: 05/07/1995 till: 02/05/1997 color:Conservative text:"Michael Portillo" bar:Robertson from: 03/05/1997 till: 11/10/1999 color:Labour text:"George Robertson" bar:Hoon from: 11/10/1999 till: 06/05/2005 color:Labour text:"Geoff Hoon" bar:Reid from: 06/05/2005 till: 05/05/2006 color:Labour text:"John Reid" bar:Browne from: 05/05/2006 till: 03/10/2008 color:Labour text:"Des Browne" bar:Hutton from: 03/10/2008 till: 05/06/2009 color:Labour text:"John Hutton" bar:Ainsworth from: 05/06/2009 till: 11/05/2010 color:Labour text:"Bob Ainsworth" bar:Fox from: 12/05/2010 till: 14/10/2011 color:Conservative text:"Liam Fox" bar:Hammond from: 14/10/2011 till: 15/07/2014 color:Conservative text:"Philip Hammond" bar:Fallon from: 15/07/2014 till: 01/11/2017 color:Conservative text:"Michael Fallon" bar:Williamson from: 02/11/2017 till: 01/05/2019 color:Conservative text:"Gavin Williamson" bar:Mordaunt from: 01/05/2019 till: 24/07/2019 color:Conservative text:"Penny Mordaunt" bar:Wallace from: 24/07/2019 till: 31/08/2023 color:Conservative text:"Ben Wallace" bar:Shapps from: 31/08/2023 till: 05/07/2024 color:Conservative text:"Grant Shapps" bar:Healey2 from: 05/07/2024 till: $today color:Labour text:"John Healey"

References

References

  1. (15 December 2022). "Salaries of Members of His Majesty's Government – Financial Year 2022–23".
  2. "Pay and expenses for MPs".
  3. "Secretary of State for Defence".
  4. (2 May 2019). "Penny Mordaunt - the UK's first female defence secretary". BBC News.
  5. (18 June 2021). "Secretary of State for Defence, Ben Wallace, faces questioning from Defence Committee". parliament.uk.
  6. "Ministerial Appointments: July 2024".
  7. "Secretary of State for Defence - GOV.UK".
  8. "Mr Peter Thorneycroft".
  9. "Lord Healey". UK Parliament.
  10. "Lord Gilmour of Craigmillar". UK Parliament.
  11. "Lord Mason of Barnsley". UK Parliament.
  12. "Lord Mulley". UK Parliament.
  13. "Lord Pym". UK Parliament.
  14. "Rt Hon Sir John Nott". UK Parliament.
  15. "Lord Heseltine". UK Parliament.
  16. "Rt Hon Sir George Younger". UK Parliament.
  17. George Jones. (27 January 2003). "Thatcher's ally George Younger dies at 71". The Telegraph.
  18. "Lord King of Bridgwater". UK Parliament.
  19. "Rt Hon Sir Malcolm Rifkind QC". UK Parliament.
  20. "Rt Hon Michael Portillo". UK Parliament.
  21. "Lord Robertson of Port Ellen". UK Parliament.
  22. "Mr Geoffrey Hoon". UK Parliament.
  23. "Lord Reid of Cardowan". UK Parliament.
  24. "Lord Browne of Ladyton". UK Parliament.
  25. "Lord Hutton of Furness". UK Parliament.
  26. "Rt Hon Bob Ainsworth". UK Parliament.
  27. "Rt Hon Dr Liam Fox MP". UK Parliament.
  28. (13 May 2010). "Who's who in the coalition cabinet". The Guardian.
  29. "Rt Hon Philip Hammond MP". UK Parliament.
  30. (14 October 2011). "Liam Fox quits as defence secretary". BBC News.
  31. "Rt Hon Sir Michael Fallon MP". UK Parliament.
  32. (15 July 2014). "Reshuffle at-a-glance: In, out and moved about". BBC News.
  33. "Rt Hon Gavin Williamson MP". UK Parliament.
  34. (2 November 2017). "Gavin Williamson replaces Michael Fallon as defence secretary". BBC News.
  35. "Rt Hon Penny Mordaunt MP". UK Parliament.
  36. (2019-05-01). "Gavin Williamson sacked over Huawei leak".
  37. "Rt Hon Ben Wallace MP". UK Parliament.
  38. (24 July 2019). "Ben Wallace Named New Defence Secretary".
  39. "Grant Shapps". UK Parliament.
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