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Saxe-Gotha

Saxon duchy of the Wettin dynasty

Field	Value
native_name	de
conventional_long_name	Duchy of Saxe-Gotha
common_name	Saxe-Gotha
era	Early modern Europe
status	Vassal
empire	Holy Roman Empire
government_type	Principality
year_start	1640
year_end	1680
event_start	Partitioned from
Saxe-Weimar
event1	Acquired half of
Saxe-Eisenach
date_event1
1644
event2	Acquired major part
of Saxe-Altenburg
date_event2
1672
event_end	Partitioned in seven
date_end
p1	Saxe-Weimar
s1	Saxe-Coburg
s2	Saxe-Eisenberg
s3	Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
s4	Saxe-Hildburghausen
s5	Saxe-Meiningen
s6	Saxe-Römhild
s7	Saxe-Saalfeld
image_coat	Armoiries Saxe2.svg
image_map	SajoniaGotha1.jpg
image_map_caption	Thuringia, showing the combined territory of Saxe-Gotha and Saxe-Altenburg from 1672, before it was again divided in 1680
capital	Gotha

Saxe-Weimar Saxe-Eisenach 1644 of Saxe-Altenburg 1672 Saxe-Gotha () was one of the Saxon duchies held by the Ernestine branch of the Wettin dynasty in the former Landgraviate of Thuringia. The ducal residence was erected at Gotha.

History

The duchy was established in 1640, when Duke Wilhelm von Saxe-Weimar created a subdivision for his younger brother Ernest I the Pious. Duke Ernest took his residence at Gotha, where he had Schloss Friedenstein built between 1643 and 1654. At the same time, the Duchy of Saxe-Eisenach was created for the third brother Albert IV.

Nevertheless, Albert died in 1644, and Ernest inherited large parts of his duchy, though not the core territory around the residence at Eisenach and the Wartburg, which fell to his elder brother Wilhelm of Saxe-Weimar. Ernest could also incorporate several remaining estates of the extinct House of Henneberg in 1660, which had been vacant since 1583. Finally in 1672 he received the major part of Saxe-Altenburg through his wife Elisabeth Sophie, after Altenburg's last duke Frederick William III had died without heirs. Ernest would then be called Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.

When Ernest died in 1675, he left his seven sons a significantly enlarged territory. The eldest, Frederick I at first ruled jointly with his brothers until in 1680 the duchy was divided. The area around Gotha and also Altenburg passed to Frederick I, who retained the title of a Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. For later history of the duchy, see Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.

Dukes of Saxe-Gotha

Ernest I the Pious (1640–75), Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg from 1672
Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1675–1691), jointly with his brothers until 1680:
- Albert V, became Duke of Saxe-Coburg
- Bernhard I, became Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
- Heinrich, became Duke of Saxe-Römhild
- Christian, became Duke of Saxe-Eisenberg
- Ernest, became Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen
- John Ernest IV, became Duke of Saxe-Saalfeld

When the house of Saxe-Gotha and Altenburg became extinct in 1825, Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg was split. Saxe-Gotha passed to the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld who in turn gave Saalfeld to Saxe-Meiningen. The Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen received Saxe-Altenburg, and gave the district of Hildburghausen to Saxe-Meiningen.

After the abolition of German monarchies at the end of the First World War it became a part of the newly created state of Thuringia in 1920.

References

Saxe-Gotha, Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, Columbia University Press (2001–05), accessed January 27, 2007

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

1640-establishments-in-the-holy-roman-empire 1680-disestablishments-in-the-holy-roman-empire states-and-territories-established-in-1640 ernestine-duchies dukes-of-saxe-gotha house-of-wettin gotha states-and-territories-disestablished-in-1680

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