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Sanctions (law)
Enforcement used to incentivize obedience with the law
Enforcement used to incentivize obedience with the law
Sanctions, in law and legal definition, are penalties or other means of enforcement used to provide incentives for obedience with the law or other rules and regulations.{{cite book | author-link =
As a noun, the term is usually used in the plural form, even if it only refers to a single event: if a judge fines a party, it is not said that they imposed a sanction, but that they imposed sanctions.
A judge may sanction a party during a legal proceeding, by which it is implied that they impose penalties. In the United States federal court system, certain types of conduct are sanctionable under Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
Conversely (and sometimes contradictorily), the word may be used to mean "approve of", especially in an official context. For example, the statement "The law sanctions such behavior" would imply that the behavior spoken of enjoys the specific approval of law or legal institutions.
To sanction implies to make a legal agreement. Sanction comes from the Latin word sānctiō, meaning "a law or decree that is sacred or inviolable." A legal agreement or sanction imposes approvals, rules, guidelines and penalties on conduct.
References
Bibliography
- Herbert L. A. Hart, The Concept of Law, Oxford University Press, London, 1961;
- Gerd Spittler, Norm und Sanktion. Untersuchungen zum Sanktionsmechanismus, Walter, Olten-Freiburg, 1967;
- Norberto Bobbio, Sanzione, Novissimo Digesto, UTET, Torino, XVI, Torino, 1969, 530–540;
- Niklas Luhmann, Rechtssoziologie, Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg, 1972;
- Ota Weinberger, Der Sanktionsbegriff und die pragmatische Auswirkung gesellschaftlicher Normen, in H. Lenk, Hrsg., Normenlogik, Verlag Dokumentation, Pullach bei München, 1974, 89–111;
- Lawrence M. Friedman, The Legal System. A Social Science Perspective, Russel Sage Foundation, New York, 1975;
- Norberto Bobbio, Dalla struttura alla funzione. Nuovi studi di teoria del diritto, Comunità, Milano, 1977;
- Vilhelm Aubert, On Sanctions, in "European Yearbook in Law and Sociology", 1977, 1–19;
- H. Kelsen, Allgemeine Theorie der Normen, Manzsche Verlags- und Universitätsbuchhandlung, Wien, 1979;
- F. D’Agnostino, Sanzione, "Enciclopedia del diritto", XLI, Giuffrè, Milano, 1989, 303–328;
- Ota Weinbeger, Rechtslogik, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, 1989;
- Charles-Albert Morand, Sanction, "Archives de Philosophie du droit", XXXV, 1990, 293–312;
- Heike Jung, Sanktionensysteme und Menschenrechte, Haupt, Bern-Stuttgart-Wien, 1992;
- Juan Carlos Bayon, Sanction, Dictionnaire encyclopédique de théorie et de sociologie du droit, L.G.D.J., Paris, 1993, 536–540;
- Realino Marra, Sanzione, "Digesto delle discipline privatistiche. Sezione civile", UTET, Torino, XVIII, 1998, 153–61.
References
- "Sanctions, conflict prevention and peacebuilding coercing non-state armed actors in Africa".
- "Sanctions {{!}} Security Council".
- Publishers, HarperCollins. "The American Heritage Dictionary entry: sanction".
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