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Rhynchophylline

Rhynchophylline is an alkaloid found in certain Uncaria species (Rubiaceae), notably Uncaria rhynchophylla and Uncaria tomentosa. It also occurs in the leaves of Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) and Mitragyna tubulosa, a tree native to Thailand. Chemically, it is related to the alkaloid mitragynine.

Rhynchophylline is a non-competitive NMDA antagonist (IC50 = 43.2 μM) and a calcium channel blocker.

Uncaria species have had a variety of uses in traditional herbal medicine, such as for lightheadedness, convulsions, numbness, and hypertension. These uses have been associated with the presence of rhynchophylline and have encouraged its investigation as a drug candidate for several cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases; however, few clinically relevant studies have been conducted.

References

References

  1. (2003). "Pharmacological Actions of ''Uncaria'' Alkaloids, Rhynchophylline and Isorhynchophylline". Acta Pharmacologica Sinica.
  2. (2000). "Effects of ''Uncaria tomentosa'' Total Alkaloid and its Components on Experimental Amnesia in Mice: Elucidation Using the Passive Avoidance Test". Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology.
  3. "Mitragyna Speciosa (Kratom) - World Roots".
  4. (2002). "Rhynchophylline and Isorhynchophylline Inhibit NMDA Receptors Expressed in ''Xenopus'' Oocytes". European Journal of Pharmacology.
  5. (2004). "Protective Effect of Rhynchophylline and Isorhynchophylline on ''in vitro'' Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Damage in the Hippocampus: Putative Neurotransmitter Receptors Involved in their Action". Life Sciences.
  6. (2010). "Antihypertensive and neuroprotective activities of rhynchophylline: the role of rhynchophylline in neurotransmission and ion channel activity". Journal of Ethnopharmacology.
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calcium-channel-blockers mitragyna-alkaloids nmda-receptor-antagonists spiro-compounds methyl-esters ethers oxindoles
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