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Republic of New Granada

1831–1858 state in South America

Field	Value
native_name	es
conventional_long_name	Republic of New Granada
common_name	New Granada
s1	Granadine Confederation
p1	Gran Colombia
flag_s1	Flag of New Granada.svg
flag_p1	Flag of the Gran Colombia.svg
government_type	Unitary presidential republic
title_leader	President
leader1	Domingo Caycedo
year_leader1	1831
leader2	Francisco de Paula Santander
year_leader2	1832-1837
leader3	Mariano Ospina Rodríguez
year_leader3	1857–1858
year_start	1831
date_start	20 October
event_end	Constitutional Change
year_end	1858
date_end	11 April
event1	Bill of rights1
date_event1	1853
flag	Flag of Colombia
image_flag	Flag of New Granada.svg
symbol	Coat of arms of Colombia
image_coat	Coat of arms of New Granada.svg
national_anthem	Al Veinte De Julio (Spanish)
image_map	New Granada (orthographic projection).svg
image_map_caption	Republic of New Granada
capital	Santa Fé de Bogotá
national_motto	Libertad y Orden
()
religion	Roman Catholicism
currency	Peso
footnotes	1 Abolition of slavery, and suffrage to all males over 21.
demonym
area_km2	1,331,250
stat_year1	1851
stat_pop1	2,243,730

()

The Republic of New Granada was a centralist unitary republic consisting primarily of present-day Colombia and Panama with smaller portions of today's Costa Rica, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru and Brazil that existed from 1831 to 1858. The state was created after the dissolution of Great Colombia in 1830 through the secession of Ecuador and Venezuela. In 1858, the state was renamed into the Granadine Confederation. On 9 May 1834, the national flag was adopted and was used until 26 November 1861, with the Gran Colombian colours in Veles' arrangement. The merchant ensign had the eight-pointed star in white.

History

The history of the Republic of New Granada was marked by competing economic and political interests and rocked by violent conflicts and civil wars. One of the prime features of the political climate of the Republic was the position of the Roman Catholic Church and the level of autonomy for the federal states.

In 1839, a dispute arose over the dissolution of monasteries by the Congress of New Granada. This soon escalated into the War of the Supremes, which raged for the next two years and transformed into a conflict about regional autonomy and a border conflict with Ecuador. Panama tried unsuccessfully to break away from New Granada in 1840 and 1850.

In 1851, a Civil war took place, which was triggered by the Liberal reforms of President José Hilario López, which provided for the emancipation of slaves, the expulsion of the Jesuits, the granting of freedom of the press and the abolition of the death penalty. As a reaction, Conservative and pro-slavery groups from Cauca and Antioquia departments, led by Julio Arboleda, Manuel Ibánez and Eusebio Borrero, revolted against president López, in an attempt to prevent emancipation of disenfranchised groups and abolition of slavery, in addition to a number of religious issues.

In 1853, there was a Liberal constitutional reform, and in 1854 there was another civil war under the dictatorship of General José María Melo. In 1858, a federal constitution was introduced. An uprising by General Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera sparked a new three-year civil war in 1860. After the capture of Bogotá in 1861 by Mosquera, who proclaimed himself president, the country was renamed and given a new constitution to form the Granadine Confederation in response to demands for a decentralized administration for the country.

Provinces

Main article: Provinces of the Republic of New Granada

The territory of the republic was divided into provinces. Each province was composed of one or more cantons, each canton was divided into several districts.

From 1855 to 1857, seven states were created out of the provinces.

The Republic also included some territories in the peripheral regions of the country.

Notes

Sources

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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