Reiner Gamma

Origin

The origin of Reiner Gammalike other lunar swirlsis not completely understood. It is associated with a localized magnetic field, but not with any particular irregularities in the surface. Similar features have been discovered in Mare Ingenii and Mare Marginis by orbiting spacecraft. The feature on Mare Ingenii is located at the lunar opposite point from the center of Mare Imbrium. Likewise the feature on Mare Marginis is opposite the midpoint of Mare Orientale. Thus one hypothesis is that the feature resulted from seismic energies generated by the impacts that created these maria. However, no such lunar mare formation is on the opposite side of the Moon from Reiner Gamma.

Location and Features

Reiner Gamma is located on the Oceanus Procellarum, west of the crater Reiner. Its center is located at selenographic coordinates . It has an overall length of about 70 kilometres. The feature has a higher albedo than the relatively dark mare surface, with a diffuse appearance and a distinctive swirling, concentric oval shape. Related albedo features continue across the surface to the east and southwest, forming loop-like patterns over the mare.

The central feature of Reiner Gamma resembles the dipolar formation created by iron filings on a surface with a bar magnet on the underside. Low-orbiting spacecraft have observed a relatively strong magnetic field associated with each of these albedo markings. Some have speculated that this magnetic field and the patterns were created by cometary impacts. However the true cause remains uncertain.

Reiner Gamma's magnetic field strength is approximately , measured from an altitude of . This is one of the strongest localized magnetic anomalies on the Moon. The surface field strength of this feature is sufficient to form a mini-magnetosphere that spans at the surface, forming a thick region of enhanced plasma where the solar wind flows around the field. As the particles in the solar wind are known to darken the lunar surface, the magnetic field at this site may account for the survival of this albedo feature.

In early lunar maps by Francesco Maria Grimaldi, this feature was incorrectly identified as a crater. His colleague Giovanni Riccioli then named it Galilaeus, after Galileo Galilei. The name was later transferred northwest to the current crater Galilaei.

| File:Reiner gamma.jpg | NASA Clementine UV-VIS color image of Reiner Gamma | File:Reiner Gamma Marius Hills 2215 med.jpg | Oblique view from Lunar Orbiter 2, with the Marius Hills in the background. | File:Reiner Gamma vid.webm | Beginning with a full-globe view of the lunar near side, the camera flies to a close-up, increasingly oblique view of the lunar swirl. | File:Marius + Reiner - LROC - WAC.JPG | Reiner and Marius areas

References

Other references

• Ewen A. Whitaker, Mapping and Naming the Moon: A History of Lunar Cartography and Nomenclature, Cambridge University Press, 1999, .

References

1. (October 29, 2009). "LUNAR SWIRLS, MAGNETIC ANOMALIES, AND THE REINER GAMMA FORMATION".
2. Richmond, N.C.. (2003). "Correlation of a Strong Lunar Magnetic Anomaly with a High-Albedo Region of the Descartes Mountains". Geophysical Research Letters.
3. Wieser, Martin. (March 2010). "First observation of a mini-magnetosphere above a lunar magnetic anomaly using energetic neutral atoms". Geophysical Research Letters.
4. L. L. Hood. (1989). "The Lunar Swirls - Distribution and Possible Origins". Cambridge University Press/Lunar and Planetary Institute.
5. "Lunar Swirls".
6. "Bubble Bubble - Swirl and Trouble".