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Quercus geminata

Species of oak tree

Quercus geminata

Species of oak tree

|Quercus virginiana var. maritima Sarg.Michx. |Quercus geminata var. grandifolia (Sarg.) Trel. |Quercus geminata var. reasoneri A.Camus |Quercus virginiana var. geminata (Small) Sarg. |Quercus virginiana f. grandifolia Sarg.

Sand live oak at sunrise

Quercus geminata, commonly called sand live oak, is an evergreen oak tree native to the coastal regions of the subtropical southeastern United States, along the Atlantic Coast from southern Florida northward to southeastern Virginia and along the Gulf Coast westward to southern Mississippi, on seacoast dunes and on white sands in evergreen oak scrubs.

Taxonomy

Quercus geminata is placed in the southern live oaks section of the genus Quercus (section Virentes).

Appearance

A small- to medium-sized tree, the sand live oak is scrubby and forms thickets. The bark is dark, thick, furrowed, and roughly ridged. The leaves are thick, leathery, and coarsely veined, with extremely revolute margins, giving them the appearance of inverted shallow bowls; their tops dark green, their bottoms dull gray and very tightly tomentose, and their petioles densely pubescent, they are simple and typically flat with bony-opaque margins, having a length of 2–12 cm and a width of 0.5–4 cm. The male flowers are green hanging catkins. The acorns are small, 1–2.5 cm, oblong-ellipsoid or ovoid, and are commonly born in pairs on peduncles of varying lengths.

The Florida Native Plant Society describes the plant as "Extremely drought tolerant" and a long-lived perennial.

Description

In coastal Florida's evergreen oak scrub, the sand live oak is a ubiquitous and abundant species; the threatened Florida scrub-jay is found only in Florida scrub. Live oaks, having characteristics of the sand live oak and the southern live oak (Q. virginiana), grow further inland.

Hybrids

Hybridization is common among oaks, which thus creates uncertainty in the exact boundaries of species' ranges. Hybrids have been documented between Q. geminata and Q. virginiana, but the two pure species are genetically and morphologically distinct. The Cuban oak, Q. sagraeana, has been purported to be a hybrid between the sand live oak and Q. oleoides, but recent evidence argues that the Cuban oak is a distinct species without hybrid origin.

References

References

  1. Kenny, L.. (2015). "''Quercus geminata''".
  2. {{ThePlantList
  3. [http://www.floridata.com/ref/q/quer_gem.cfm] "FloriData — Quercus geminata", Retrieved 2011-07-06
  4. (2017). "Appendix 2.1: An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks".
  5. "Florida Native Plant Society (FNPS)".
  6. "Scrub".
  7. [http://www.brevardcounty.us/environmental_management/wildlife_scrub_jay.cfm] {{Webarchive. link. (2009-03-07 "An Ecological Overview Of Scrub Habitat And Florida Scrub-Jays In Brevard County", Retrieved 2011-07-08)
  8. Gailing, Oliver. (2017). "Hybridization and management of oak populations". In: Sniezko, Richard A.; Man, Gary; Hipkins, Valerie; Woeste, Keith; Gwaze, David; Kliejunas, John T.; McTeague, Brianna A., tech. cords. 2017. Gene conservation of tree species—banking on the future. Proceedings of a workshop. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-963. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. p. 94..
  9. (2009). "Molecular, morphological and ecological niche differentiation of sympatric sister oak species, ''Quercus virginiana'' and ''Q. geminata'' (Fagaceae)". American Journal of Botany.
  10. {{eFloras. 1. 233501037. Quercus geminata. Kevin C.. Nixon
  11. Muller, Cornelius H.. (1955). "The origin of ''Quercus'' on Cuba". Revista de la Sociedad Cubana de Botánica.
  12. (2012). "Molecular and morphological support for a Florida origin of the Cuban oak". Journal of Biogeography.
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