Psilocybe caerulipes

Etymology

From the Latin words caerulea (blue) and pes (foot).

Description

Psilocybe caerulipes has a farinaceous taste and a no to slightly farinaceous odor.

• The cap is 1 — 3.5 cm in diameter, obtusely conic to convex, and the margin is initially turned inwards, later becoming broadly convex to flattened or somewhat umbilicate while retaining a slight umbo, and at times quite irregular. The surface is viscid when moist from a gelatinous pellicle, but soon becomes dry and shiny, translucent-striate, and decorated with fine fibrillose veil remnants, often with greenish stains near the margin or a greenish tinge overall . It is cinnamon brown to caramel brown when fresh, hygrophanous, and soon fading to dingy ochraceous buff during dry conditions. The flesh is thin, pliant, bruising blue, sometimes slowly.
• The gills are close but not crowded, narrow with adnate to sinuate to uncinate attachment. They are nearly white at first, becoming dark brown as the spores mature; the edges are whitish and slightly fimbriate.
• The spores are dark brown, ellipsoid, 7—10 x 4—5 μm from 4-spored basidia, thick-walled, and with a broad germ pore. The spores from 2-spored basidia are larger.
• The stipe is 3–6 cm long, 1.5–3 mm thick, equal to enlarging downwards, tough(ropey), and is whitish to brown at first. The stipe is pallid to bluish when dried, becoming dingy brown towards the base with age, and bruises blue, sometimes slowly. The surface is powdered at the apex, and covered with whitish to grayish fibrils downwards. The flesh is stuffed with a pith and is solid at first but becomes hollow. It lacks an annulus but sometimes remnants of the thin cortinate partial veil form a soon disappearing fibrillose annular zone in the upper region of the stem.
• Microscopic features: The basidia are 2- and 4-spored. Pleurocystidia are absent. The cheilocystidia are 18—35 x 4.5—7.5 μm, langeniform (swollen at the base, narrowed at the top), and with a thin neck, sometimes forked, 1–2.5 μm broad at apices.

Habitat

Psilocybe caerulipes may be found growing solitary to cespitose, in deciduous forests on hardwood slash and debris, plant matter, on or about decaying hardwood logs, birch, beech and maple.

Season

Psilocybe caerulipes grows from late May through December.

Distribution

Psilocybe caerulipes grows in eastern North America, from Nova Scotia to North Carolina, and west to Michigan. It has also been found as far south as Mexico in the states of Hidalgo and Veracruz. In Mexico it is found in cloud forests on Fagus. It is often overlooked as just another little brown mushroom, and although widely distributed, it is not found often. It is sometimes confused with the larger Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata.

References

References

1. (2013). "Phylogenetic inference and trait evolution of the psychedelic mushroom genus Psilocybe sensu lato (Agaricales)". Canadian Science Publishing.
2. Singer R, Smith AH. (1958). Mycological investigations on Teonanácatl, the Mexican hallucinogenic mushroom. Part II. A taxonomic monograph of ''Psilocybe'', section ''Caerulescentes''. ''Mycologia'' '''50'''(2): 262-303.
3. Guzmán G. (1973). Some distributional relationships between Mexican and United States mycofloras. ''Mycologia'' '''65''': 1319-1330.