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Proposed top-level domain

Generic top-level domains

The Domain Name System of the Internet consists of a set of top-level domains that constitute the root domain of the hierarchical name space and database. In the growth of the Internet, it became desirable to expand the initial set of six generic top-level domains in 1984. As a result, new top-level domain names have been proposed for implementation by ICANN. Such proposals included a variety of models ranging from the adoption of policies for unrestricted gTLDs that could be registered by anyone for any purpose, to chartered gTLDs for specialized uses by specialized organizations. In October 2000, ICANN published a list of proposals for top-level domain strings it had received.

Geographic proposals

– Generic geographical locations.
- Barcelona (2008)
Rome --
– was proposed by City of Toronto officials.

Internationalized country code top-level domains

The following ccTLDs (country code top-level domains) have been requested using a procedure known as the Internationalized Domain Name (or IDN) ccTLD Fast Track Process.

DNS name	IDN ccTLD	Country	Transliteration	Script	ccTLD	Year of application
xn--wgv71a	.日本	Japan	Nippon or Nihon	Kanji (both Kyūjitai and Shinjitai)	.jp	2008
xn--vcst06ab2a	.日本国	Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku	Kanji (Shinjitai)	2012
xn--mgbb7fyab	ليبيا.	Libya	Lībyā	Arabic	.ly

The following countries have national languages that use other scripts than Latin but have no internationalized country code top-level domain, and none proposed in the above list:

Afghanistan
Bhutan
Cambodia
Cyprus
Eritrea
Ethiopia
North Korea
Kyrgyzstan
Lebanon
Maldives
Myanmar
Nepal
Tajikistan

Language and community

These proposals are centered on creating an independent Internet identity for linguistic and cultural communities. They are mostly inspired by the success of the domain created for websites in the Catalan language or about the Catalan culture.

Intended use	Sponsor	Year of Proposal	Comments
Welsh language and Wales	[dotCYM Cyf](https://web.archive.org/web/20060619052038/http://www.dotcym.org/)	2006	It was proposed by dotCYM for Welsh language and Wales, but ICANN has reserved this for eventual assignment to the Cayman Islands. See also .cymru and .wales.
England	[DotEng](http://www.doteng.org/)	2008	The [DotEng.org](http://www.doteng.org/) website was set up by John Sewell of Maidenhead in Berkshire. Mentioned in PC Pro Online: [Campaign begins for .eng domain](http://www.pcpro.co.uk/news/190839/campaign-begins-for-eng-domain.html) , Stuart Turton, 23 April 2008
Cornish language and Cornwall	[Cornish World Magazine](http://www.cornishworldmagazine.co.uk/)	2008	Proposed domain name derived from "Kernow"
Leonese language and culture	[puntuLLI](https://web.archive.org/web/20090318174242/http://www.puntulli.org/)	2007	Several companies, associations, organizations, and institutions are involved in this campaign.
Native, Aboriginal, and Indigenous peoples of the Americas	[nai](https://web.archive.org/web/20101207111203/http://nai.nic-naa.net/)	1999	The original proposal for a Native American managed TLD predates ICANN, and its form was adopted by ICANN as the "sponsored" type of application and eventual contract in the 2001 new gTLD round. 's mission is to implement a top-level name space with an indigenous policy, provide an alternative to the several thousand indigenous public administrations, and the larger numbers of indigenous non-governmental, linguistic and cultural institutional, public and private economic enterprises, bands and individuals in the Western Hemisphere currently using name spaces operated under for-profit or colonial policies, and promote the economic development of Indian Country.
Scotland	dotSCO	2005	dotSCO began in late 2005 and has been campaigning to build support for a new TLD from among the Scots community around the world. The campaign now appears to be defunct, effectively replaced by now-approved .scot.
Székely Land	[Pontsic Foundation](http://pontsic.org/)	2009	pontSIC began in late 2008 and has been campaigning to build support for a new TLD from among the Székely community around the world. The campaign was started by the Szekler National Council, and now are involved several companies and institutions. As of September 2009 there are over 33,200 signatories.

Note: The dotCYMRU, dotEUS, dotSCOT and dotBZH have formed the ECLID, the European Cultural and Linguistic Internet Domains umbrella group to lobby for the successful and speedy application for the bids.

Technical domain name themes

– A domain for e-mail networks, proposed to facilitate fighting e-mail spam.
– A domain for general use on the World Wide Web.

Specialized and professional topics

– environmental causes – Limited existence in 2016 and full launch in 2017.
– medical practitioners and organizations – exists from 2016.
– electronic commerce sites – exists from 2016.
– sport sites

Blockchain and Web3 domain systems

In addition to traditional ICANN-regulated proposals, several projects have introduced top-level domains that operate on decentralized networks rather than the Domain Name System (DNS). These so-called Web3 or blockchain domains use distributed ledgers or smart contracts to register and resolve names, independent of ICANN governance.

Several Web3 registrars, such as Freename, Unstoppable Domains, and the Ethereum Name Service, have marketed blockchain-based top-level domains that mimic or extend conventional naming conventions. One example is the proposed .prompt domain, associated with Freename, which was mentioned in industry press following a United States intent-to-use trademark filing in August 2025. Although such Web3 domains function outside the DNS root, their growing visibility has prompted discussion about potential coexistence or conflict between decentralized naming systems and ICANN-governed namespaces.

References

(2000-04-01). "Names Council Solicitation of Comments for Consideration of New Generic Top-Level Domains". ICANN.
(2000-10-10). "TLD Applications Lodged". ICANN.
[https://www.icann.org/resources/files/gov-japan-2012-02-25-en IDN ccTLD Form of Interest. Japan]
"About '.日本'". jprs.co.jp.
"The campaign for a KER Internet domain name". googlepages.com.
"First Minister announces support for Scots internet domain". dotSCO.org.
"SIC domain".
(6 March 2009). "BBC NEWS – Technology – Al Gore says domain .eco logical". bbc.co.uk.
"Launch of .eco (Dot Eco) Application to Empower Global Community – Press Releases on CSRwire.com". csrwire.com.
"For the planet | With a purpose | The new eco domain".
".med : your safe namespace for medicine". .med.
"Sunrise {{!}} Medistry".
"aged domain". Internet domain.
"Home of the dotShop (.shop) top-level domain (TLD) name from Commercial Connect LLC – Commercial Connect, LLC". commercialconnect.net.
"dotSHOP (.shop) by GMO".
"Setting a new world record » The .Sport Registry". dotsport.info.
Osborn, G.. (2023). "Web 3 disruption and the domain name system". Journal of Cyber Policy.
Agateev, Vasily. (2022). "Blockchain or Web3 Domains: Technology, Legal Aspects, Trademarks, and Brand Protection".
(27 August 2025). "New top level domain trademark frontrunning continues".

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