Prinkipo Greek Orthodox Orphanage

History

It was designed and constructed in 1898 by the French-Ottoman architect Alexander Vallaury as a luxury hotel and casino, named Prinkipo Palace, for the Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits, the European passenger train company that operated the Orient Express. It was sold in 1903, however, when Sultan Abdul Hamid II would not issue a permit for its operation, and subsequently bought by the wife of a prominent Greek banker, Eleni Zarifi (), who donated it to the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, which operated it as an orphanage. On April 21, 1964, during heightened tension of the Cyprus issue and persecution against the local Greek population by the state authorities the orphanage was forcefully closed by the General Directorate of Foundations (Vakif Genel Mudurlugu). In 1997, the property was seized by the Turkish state. Throughout its history, the orphanage has catered to the needs of 5,800 orphans.

Building

The building is considered to be the largest wooden building in Europe and the second largest in the world (Tōdai-ji Buddhist Temple being the largest). The orphanage consists of 206 rooms, a kitchen, a library, a primary school and vocational workshops. It is situated on top of the Isa Tepesi, a mountain 206 meters high on the island of Büyükada.

Deterioration and repair

Since its closure half a century ago, the neglected building has deteriorated into a state of heavy disrepair. The building was severely damaged by a fire in 1980.

In 2012, the Turkish authorities returned the orphanage to the Greek community, the community complained that: “The state did not return the building to us in the same shape it was in when they [seized] it. The most recent studies have revealed beyond any doubt that millions of euros will be required [to restore the orphanage]. It is not possible for the 2000-strong Greek population to meet this figure,”. According to reports 65 million euros would be necessary to put the orphanage back on its feet.

In 2018, Europa Nostra and the European Investment Bank included the Orphanage among 12 cultural heritages, which have been nominated for the Seven Most Endangered cultural heritages list. The same year, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Bartholomew I asked, from the Turkish government, help to protect the building. But the plea came at a time of fresh tensions between Greece and Turkey over an array of issues, including the protection of Byzantine and Greek heritage in Istanbul.

In May 2023 tender for the restoration of the school will be carried out.

Legal dispute

The Greek community of Turkey claimed that the Orphanage belonged to the Ecumenical Patriarchate on the basis of Ottoman edicts that granted title to the Patriarchate which was subsequently converted under the Turkish republic. On the other hand, the Turkish government believed that the property does not belong to the Ecumenical Patriarchate. In 2003, the Patriarchate had submitted all required documents to show evidence of its ownership to the Supreme Administrative Court in Turkey. The Supreme Administrative Court dismissed the claims and argued that the foundation had lost its function as an orphanage and has become a seized asset (Turkish: mazbut vakıf). This position adheres with Turkish law which ultimately claims that if a foundation hasn't been of use for more than 10 years, the Directorate of Foundations Council has the right to seize the property. In 2004, The European Union raised the issue in Turkey’s progress report towards accession.

In 2005, the Greek Patriarchate took its battle to recover the building to the European Court of Human Rights. In 2008, the court delivered a unanimous verdict condemning the seizure. In 2010, another court ruling ordered Turkey to return it to the Ecumenical Patriarchate within three months and to pay 26,000 euros in compensation. In 2012, the Turkish authorities returned the building to the Greek community. The legal title is currently in the hands of the Ecumenical Patriarchate who plans to turn the building into a global environmental center, according to the current Greek Orthodox Patriarch, Bartholomew I.

Gallery

File:Prigipos3f5.jpg|Orphans at the dormitory of the Orphanage File:Prigipos6.jpg|Orphan students during class session File:Prigipos2f4.jpg|Orphan girls learning to knit at vocational school File:Prigipos4f3.jpg|Orphan students with their teacher File:Büyükada Rum Yetimhanesi (Old Greek Orphanage), Istanbul 2.jpg|The Orphanage today

References

References

1. Preka, Yiota. (October 14, 2010). "Turkey Reinstates Legal Title of Prinkipo Orphanage". Greek Reporter.
2. (2007-11-26). "The Greek Orphanage in Prinkipo: A case against Turkey in Europe". Hurriyet.
3. (June 15, 2010). "European Court Tells Turkey to Return Confiscated Greek Orphanage to Patriarchate". Asbarez.
4. [http://www.wmf.org/project/rum-orphanage RUM ORPHANAGE. World Monuments Fund]
5. "Prinkipo Orphanage". Institute of Strategical Thinking.
6. Tsitounas, Costas. (December 5, 2010). "Το καμάρι του Γένους επιστρέφει στο σπίτι του". Espresso.
7. [https://eurasianet.org/s/orthodox-patriarchate-in-turkey-wins-one-battle-still-faces-struggle-for-survival Orthodox Patriarchate in Turkey Wins One Battle, Still Faces Struggle for Survival]
8. [http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/greek-orthodox-orphanage-europes-largest-wooden-building-awaits-salvation-off-istanbul-132461 Greek Orthodox orphanage, Europe’s largest wooden building, awaits salvation off Istanbul]
9. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111020044843/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/10/pictures/111018-world-monuments-watch-list-2012-china-new-york/#/monument-watch-list-2012-turkey-rum-orphanage_42114_600x450.jpg Pictures: 12 World Monuments at Risk]
10. link. (2013-09-28)
11. [http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/population-decline-leaves-rums-with-pyrrhic-victory-21555 Population decline leaves Rums with Pyrrhic Victory]
12. [http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/prinkipo-greek-orthodox-orphanage-on-most-endangered-shortlist-126447 Büyükada Greek Orthodox Orphanage on most endangered shortlist]
13. [https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/tender-for-restoration-of-greek-orphanage-to-open-in-may-181496 Tender for restoration of Greek Orphanage to open in May]
14. (October 6, 2004). "2004 Regular Report on Turkey's progress towards accession". European Union.
15. Koc, Ilyas. (9 April 2012). "Greek orphanage to serve as foundation for environment". Zaman.