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President of Liberia

Head of state and government of Liberia


Head of state and government of Liberia

FieldValue
postPresident
bodythe
Republic of Liberia
native_name
flagFlag of the President of Liberia.svg
flagsize125px
flagcaptionPresidential standard
imagePresident Joseph Boakai 2025.jpg
imagesize165px
incumbentJoseph Boakai
incumbentsinceJanuary 22, 2024
styleMr. President
(Informal)
His Excellency
(Formal)
type
residenceExecutive Mansion
seatMonrovia
termlengthSix years,
termlength_qualifiedrenewable once
constituting_instrumentConstitution of Liberia (1986)
formation
firstJoseph Jenkins Roberts
deputyVice President of Liberia
salaryannually
website

Republic of Liberia (Informal) His Excellency (Formal)

The president of the Republic of Liberia is the head of state and government of Liberia. The president serves as the leader of the executive branch and as commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Liberia.

Prior to the independence of Liberia in 1847, executive power in the Commonwealth of Liberia was held by the governor of Liberia, who was appointed by the American Colonization Society. The 1847 Constitution transferred the executive powers of the governorship to the presidency, which was largely modeled on the presidency of the United States.

Between 1847 and 1980, the presidency was exclusively held by Americo-Liberians, the original American settlers of Liberia and their descendants. The original two-party system, with the Republican Party and the True Whig Party, ended in 1878, when the election of Anthony W. Gardiner marked the beginning of 102 years of one-party rule by the True Whigs. Following a coup d'état by disgruntled army NCOs and soldiers led by Samuel Doe in 1980, one-party rule of the True Whigs ended and the presidency was vacated until the election of Doe in the 1985 general election. After his overthrow and murder in 1990, the presidency was again vacated for seven years during the First Liberian Civil War and again for two years following the conclusion of the Second Liberian Civil War in 2003.

Under the 1986 Constitution, the president is directly elected by eligible voters to a six-year term, which may be renewed once. Overall, 25 individuals have served as president, including Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, the first elected female head of state in Africa. On January 22, 2024, Joseph Boakai was sworn in as the twenty-sixth and current president of Liberia.

History

Following the establishment of the Commonwealth of Liberia in 1838, executive power was vested in the governor of Liberia, who was appointed and served at the pleasure of the American Colonization Society. The first governor, Thomas Buchanan, served from 1838 until his death in 1841. He was succeeded by Joseph Jenkins Roberts, the first person of African descent to serve as governor of Liberia.

Upon independence in 1847, Roberts was elected as the first president of Liberia. The 1847 Constitution denied suffrage to the indigenous population by requiring voters to own real estate. As a result, the presidency was exclusively held by Americo-Liberians until 1980, when a military coup led by Samuel Doe, an ethnic Krahn, overthrew and murdered President William Tolbert.

The presidency was vacant from 1980 to 1986, with executive power held by Doe as the head of the People's Redemption Council. Doe was later elected president in the 1985 general election, making him the first president outside of the Americo-Liberian elite. Doe was later overthrown and murdered in 1990 following the commencement First Liberian Civil War, during which the presidency remained vacant.

Following the 1997 general election, Charles Taylor held the presidency until his resignation on August 11, 2003, as part of a peace deal to end the Second Liberian Civil War. His successor, Moses Blah, ceded executive power on October 13 of that year to Gyude Bryant, the chairman of the Transitional Government of Liberia. The presidency was resumed on January 16, 2006, following the 2005 general election of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf as the first female president.

Former professional footballer George Weah was elected in 2017 as the 25th president of Liberia. Incumbent president Ellen Johnson Sirleaf signed Executive Order No. 91, thus establishing a Joint Presidential Transition Team, due to the fact that Liberia had "not experienced the transfer of power from one democratically elected president to another democratically elected president for over 70 years".

Powers and duties

The presidency of Liberia is largely modeled on the presidency of the United States.

Executive functions

The 1986 Constitution gives the president the power to appoint all cabinet ministers, judges, ambassadors, sheriffs, county officials and military officers with the advice and consent of the Senate. Additionally, the president has the power to dismiss all appointees from office at his or her discretion. The president may also grant pardons or revoke sentences and fines. The president conducts all matters of foreign policy, though any treaties or international agreements must be ratified by both houses of the Legislature. Furthermore, the president serves as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Liberia.

The Constitution also grants the president the power to declare a state of emergency during times of war or civil unrest and suspend civil liberties during the emergency as necessary, with the exception of habeas corpus. Within seven days of the declaration, the president must state to the Legislature the reasons for the declaration, which both houses must then approve by a two-thirds majority. Otherwise, the president must repeal the state of emergency.

Legislative functions

The president must sign all legislation passed by the House of Representatives and Senate. The president may choose to veto any legislation, which may be overturned by a two-thirds majority in both houses. Additionally, the president may exercise a pocket veto by refusing to sign legislation when the end of the twenty-day deadline for signing the bill falls during a recess of the legislature. The president may extend a legislative session past its adjournment date or call a special extraordinary session when deemed necessary for the national interest. The president must also give an annual report to the legislature on the state of the country.

Eligibility

To be eligible for office under the current Constitution, a presidential candidate must:

  • be a natural born citizen of Liberia (per Art, 27(b) of the Constitution, citizenship is limited to "persons who are Negroes or of Negro descent");
  • be at least thirty-five years old;
  • own real property valued at least $25,000;
  • have resided in Liberia for at least ten years.

Additionally, the president may not be from the same county as the vice president of Liberia.

Term and election

Under the original 1847 Constitution, the president was elected to a two-year term, which was increased to four years on May 7, 1907. Under this amendment, a new president would serve for eight years and could be re-elected to unlimited four-year terms. During the presidency of William Tolbert, the Constitution was amended to restrict the president to a single eight-year term; by 1976, voices in the legislature were being raised in favor of returning to the previous system, but Tolbert proclaimed his support for the existing system and vowed to veto any constitutional amendments to remove term limits.

Currently, the president is elected by popular vote to a six-year term and is limited to two terms. Under the 1986 Constitution, presidential elections utilize a two-round system, wherein a second round of voting is held between the two candidates with the highest number of votes if no single candidate obtains a majority in the first round. Each term begins and ends at noon on the third working Monday in January of the year immediately following the elections. At the time of their inauguration, each president is required under the Constitution to take a presidential oath promising to preserve and defend the Constitution and faithfully execute the law. The oath is administered by the chief justice of Liberia in front of a joint session of the legislature.

Residence

Main article: Executive Mansion, Monrovia

In 2006, the Executive Mansion was under renovations due to a fire that damaged parts of the building in July of that year. The office of the president was transferred to the nearby Foreign Ministry building as a result. On 14 February 2022, the Executive Mansion was reopened.

List of officeholders

;Political parties

;Other affiliations

;Symbols Died in office

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)Term of officePolitical partyElectedVice PresidentTook officeLeft officeTime in officeRepublican Party (Liberia)}};"Independent politician}};"Independent politician}};"Republican Party (Liberia)}};"Republican Party (Liberia)}};"Independent politician}};"Republican Party (Liberia)}};"Republican Party (Liberia)}};"Republican Party (Liberia)}};"Republican Party (Liberia)}};"Republican Party (Liberia)}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"Republican Party (Liberia)}};"Republican Party (Liberia)}};"Republican Party (Liberia)}};"Republican Party (Liberia)}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"True Whig Party}};"Military rule}};"National Democratic Party of Liberia}};"National Democratic Party of Liberia}};"Liberian People's Party}};"Independent politician}};"Independent politician}};"Independent politician}};"National Patriotic Party}};"National Patriotic Party}};"National Patriotic Party}};"National Patriotic Party}};"Liberian Action Party}};"Unity Party (Liberia)}};"Unity Party (Liberia)}};"Congress for Democratic Change}};"National Patriotic Party}};"Unity Party (Liberia)}};"Unity Party (Liberia)}};"
1[[File:Joseph Jenkins Roberts.jpg80px]]Joseph Jenkins Roberts
(1809–1876)Republican Party1847Nathaniel Brander
1849Anthony D. Williams
1851
1853Stephen Allen Benson
2[[File:Stephen Allen Benson (cropped).jpg80px]]Stephen Allen Benson
(1816–1865)Republican Party1855Beverly Page Yates
1857
1859Daniel Bashiel Warner
1861
3[[File:Daniel Warner2.jpg80px]]Daniel Bashiel Warner
(1815–1880)Republican Party1863James M. Priest
1865
4[[File:James Payne2.jpg80px]]James Spriggs Payne
(1819–1882)Republican Party1867Joseph Gibson
5[[File:Edward James Roye c. 1850 (cropped).jpg80px]]Edward James Roye
(1815–1872)
(Deposed)True Whig Party1869James Skivring Smith
[[File:Coat of arms of Liberia.svg80px]]Chief Executive Committee
Members: Reginald A. Sherman, Charles Benedict Dunbar, Amos Herring
October 26, 1871 – November 4, 1871Vacant
(October 26, 1871 – January 1, 1872)
6[[File:SkivringSmith.jpg80px]]James Skivring Smith
(1825–1892)True Whig Party
7[[File:Joseph Jenkins Roberts c. 1865 (A) (cropped).tif80px]]Joseph Jenkins Roberts
(1809–1876)Republican Party1871Anthony W. Gardiner
1873
8[[File:James Payne2.jpg80px]]James Spriggs Payne
(1819–1882)Republican Party1875Charles Harmon
9[[File:Anthony W. Gardiner.jpg80px]]Anthony W. Gardiner
(1820–1885)
(Resigned)True Whig Party1877Alfred Francis Russell
1879
1881
10[[File:Alfred Francis Russell (cropped).tif80px]]Alfred Francis Russell
(1817–1884)True Whig PartyVacant
(January 20, 1883 – January 7, 1884)
11[[File:Hilary R. W. Johnson - Crop.png80px]]Hilary R. W. Johnson
(1837–1901)True Whig Party1883James Thompson
1885
1887
1889
12[[File:Joseph Cheeseman2.jpg80px]]Joseph James Cheeseman
(1843–1896)True Whig Party1891William D. Coleman
1893
1895
13[[File:William Coleman2.jpg80px]]William D. Coleman
(1842–1908)True Whig PartyVacant
(November 12, 1896 – January 3, 1898)
1897Joseph J. Ross
1899
Vacant
(October 24, 1899 – January 3, 1902)
14[[File:Garretson Gibson2.jpg80px]]Garretson W. Gibson
(1832–1910)True Whig Party
1901Joseph D. Summerville
15[[File:Arthur Barclay.jpg80px]]Arthur Barclay
(1854–1938)True Whig Party1903
Vacant
(July 27, 1905 – January 1, 1906)
1905J. J. Dossen
1907
16[[File:Daniel Edward Howard.jpg80px]]Daniel Edward Howard
(1861–1935)True Whig Party1911Samuel George Harmon
1915
17[[File:1927 Charles Dunbar Burgess King.jpg80px]]Charles D. B. King
(1875–1961)
(Resigned)True Whig Party1919Samuel Alfred Ross
1923Henry Too Wesley
1927Allen Yancy
18[[File:Edwin Barclay portrait.jpg80px]]Edwin Barclay
(1882–1955)True Whig PartyJames Skivring Smith Jr.
1931
1939
19[[File:Afdrukken ANEFO Rousel, fotonummer 157-1166 cropped.jpg80px]]William Tubman
(1895–1971)True Whig Party1943Clarence Lorenzo Simpson
1951William Tolbert
1955
1959
1963
1967
1971
20[[File:William R. Tolbert, Jr..JPG80px]]William Tolbert
(1913–1980)
(Assassinated)True Whig PartyVacant
(July 23, 1971 – April 1972)
James Edward Greene
1975
Vacant
(July 22, 1977 – October 31, 1977)
Bennie Dee Warner
[[File:Samuel Kanyon Doe.jpg80px]]Samuel Doe
(1951–1990)Chairman of the People's Redemption Council
April 12, 1980 – January 6, 1986Military /
National Democratic Party
21
(Assassinated)1985Harry Moniba
[[File:Amos Sawyer 1978.jpg80px]]Amos Sawyer
(1945–2022)President of the Interim Government of National Unity
September 9, 1990 – March 7, 1994Liberian People's Party
[[File:No image.png80px]]David D. Kpormakpor
(1935–2010)Chairman of the Council of State
March 7, 1994 – September 1, 1995Independent
[[File:No image.png80px]]Wilton G. S. Sankawulo
(1937–2009)Chairman of the Council of State
September 1, 1995 – September 3, 1996Independent
[[File:No image.png80px]]Ruth Perry
(1939–2017)Chairman of the Council of State
September 3, 1996 – August 2, 1997Independent
22[[File:Charles Taylor 1984 mugshot (cropped).jpg80px]]Charles Taylor
(born 1948)
(Resigned)National Patriotic Party1997Enoch Dogolea
Vacant
(June 24, 2000 – July 24, 2000)
Moses Blah
23[[File:Moses Blah (cropped).jpeg80px]]Moses Blah
(1947–2013)
(Resigned)National Patriotic PartyVacant
(August 11, 2003 – October 14, 2003)
[[File:Gyude Bryant 2004.jpg80px]]Gyude Bryant
(1949–2014)Chairman of the Transitional Government
October 14, 2003 – January 16, 2006Liberian Action Party
24[[File:Ellen Johnson Sirleaf February 2015.jpg80px]]Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
(born 1938)Unity Party2005Joseph Boakai
2011
25[[File:President George Weah in 2019 (cropped).jpg80px]]George Weah
(born 1966)yearsCongress for Democratic Change2017Jewel Taylor
26[[File:President Joseph Boakai 2025.jpg80px]]Joseph Boakai
(born 1944)IncumbentUnity Party2023Jeremiah Koung

Timeline

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Notes

References

References

  1. (15 December 2016). "Top 15 Highest Paid African Presidents 2017".
  2. "President Sirleaf Issues Executive order No. 91 – Establishing the Joint Presidential Transition Team of 2017".
  3. Starr, Frederick. (1913). "Liberia: Description, History, Problems".
  4. "Pres. Tolbert Says 'No' To Evil Tradition: Vows to Veto Any Amendment To Keep Him In Office". [[[Monrovia]]] ''Sunday Express'' 1976-03-21: 1/2.
  5. "The Constitution of the Republic of Liberia [ Table of Contents ]".
  6. Daygbor, Nathaniel. (20 September 2010). "Mansion's Renovation Not Priority". The New Dawn.
  7. (February 8, 2022). "Liberia: President Weah to Move in the Executive Mansion on February 14".
  8. (2000). "Historical Dictionary of Liberia". Scarecrow Press.
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