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Polish Special Forces
| Field | Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| unit_name | Special Troops Command | ||
| native_name | Wojska Specjalne | ||
| image | POL Wojska Specjalne.svg | ||
| image_size | 130px | ||
| alt | Military eagle | ||
| caption | Military eagle | ||
| start_date | 2007 | ||
| country | |||
| type | Special forces command | ||
| size | 5 000 soldiers (2025) | ||
| command_structure | Polish Armed Forces | ||
| garrison | Kraków | ||
| battles | Operation Uphold Democracy | ||
| War in Afghanistan | |||
| Iraq War | |||
| Syrian civil war | |||
| commander1 | Gen. broni Rajmund Andrzejczak | ||
| commander1_label | Chief of the General Staff | ||
| commander2 | Gen. broni Jarosław Mika | ||
| commander2_label | General Commander | ||
| commander3 | [[Generał brygady | ||
| commander3_label | Special Operations Component Commander | ||
| identification_symbol | [[File:PL special forces flag IIIRP.svg | 125px]] | |
| identification_symbol_label | Flag | ||
| identification_symbol_2 | [[File:DKWS odznk pam (2022).png | 100px | center]] |
| identification_symbol_2_label | Special Operations Component Command distinctive unit insignia | ||
| (since 2022) |
War in Afghanistan Iraq War Syrian civil war Gen. bryg.]] Sławomir Drumowicz (since 2022)
The Special Troops Command () is the special forces command of the Polish Armed Forces (SZ RP). The command was formed in 2007 and is the fourth military branch of the SZ RP.
Composition
The Special Troops Command (Dowództwo Wojsk Specjalnych) is based in Kraków and comprises:
- Jednostka Wojskowa GROM, or GROM, based in Warsaw and Gdańsk
- Jednostka Wojskowa Komandosów, or JWK, based in Lubliniec
- Jednostka Wojskowa Formoza, or JW FORMOZA, is based in Gdynia
- Jednostka Wojskowa Agat, or AGAT, based in Gliwice
- Jednostka Wojskowa NIL, or NIL, is based in Kraków
- Special Operations Aviation Unit based in Powidz; only operational command it is part of the Air Force.
Structure
GROM - Operational-Maneuver Response Group "Cichociemni" (Silent Unseen)
- Command and Support Staff – in Warsaw
- A Squadron (ZB A) – Land Element located in Warsaw
- B Squadron (ZB B) – Maritime Element located in Gdańsk
- C Squadron (ZB C) – Specialty unknown located in Warsaw
- Logistic and Security Unit - located in Warsaw JW Komandosów - Army Commandos
- Command and Security – insignia of the Batalion Zośka from the Polish Home Army
- A Squadron (ZB A) – insignia of the Batalion Miotła from the Polish Home Army and insignia of PSBS
- B Squadron (ZB B) – Combined Operations insignia of the No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando unit and its No. 6 Troop (Polish)
- C Squadron (ZB C) – insignia of the Batalion Parasol from the Polish Home Army
- D Squadron (ZB D) – set up in 2016
- Information Support Group
- Special Forces Training Center JW Formoza – name comes from the colloquial name of the units base, the post-German torpedo house in Gdynia, called "Formoza".
- Special Operations Squadron - at least six special operations sections and a base unit
JW AGAT – formed on the basis of the Special Branch of the Military Police in Gliwice. Named after "Agat" (abbreviation of anty-gestapo) special unit of the Polish Home Army
- HQ Staff and Command Group
- "A" Company
- "B" Company
- "C" Company
- Combat Support Team
- Logistics Security Team
- Medical Security Group JW NIL – Support Unit of Command and Security of Special Forces
- HQ Staff
- Command Team
- Logistics Security Team
- Information Support Team
- Medical Security Group Special Operations Aviation Unit – based in Powidz
- HQ staff
- Aerospace Group - equipped with 8 Mi-17, including 4 Mi-17-1W and 4 Sikorsky S-70i all helicopters are to be equipped with M134Gs
- Maintenance Group
- Isolated Personnel Recovery Team
Gallery
File:Polish SOF, Lisbon, NATO Trident Juncture 15 (22182255143).jpg|GROM operator conducting a port security exercise File:GROM with Navy SEALs 03.jpg|Polish GROM and US Navy SEALs conducting joint field exercises File:Polish SOF, Lisbon, NATO Trident Juncture 15 (22411086399).jpg|GROM unit conducting ship seizure training File:Polish SOF, Lisbon, NATO Trident Juncture 15 (22803382745).jpg|GROM operator conducting a pistol training exercise
Equipment
Weaponry
| Name | Type | Photo | Notes | Standard firearms of the Polish Armed Forces | Standard firearms of the Polish Special Forces | Other firearms | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kbs wz. 1996 Beryl | Assault rifle | [[File:Rifle wz.1996 Beryl.jpg | 140px]] | Most commonly used weapon | ||||
| Pallad grenade launcher | Grenade launcher | [[File:Grenade launcher wz.83 Pallad D.jpg | 140px]] | Polish made grenade launcher, used from its introduction to the army | ||||
| SWD | Sniper rifle | [[File:SVD Dragunov.jpg | 140x140px]] | |||||
| Sako TRG | Sniper Rifle | [[File:Sako TRG folding stock + Zeiss 3-12x56 SSG P.JPG | 140px]] | |||||
| PKM | General purpose machine gun | [[File:PKM DD-ST-85-01257 (2).png | 140x140px]] | |||||
| UKM-2000 | General purpose machine gun | [[File:Ukm.jpg | 140x140px]] | |||||
| Heckler & Koch USP | Semi-auto pistol | [[File:First-year H&K USP 9mm (32415150000) modified.png | 140px]] | Standard pistol in JW GROM, JW NIL and JW komandosów | ||||
| Glock 17 | Semi-auto pistol | [[File:Glock 17 2nd Gen.jpg | 140px]] | Standard pistol in JW Komandosów, JW AGAT and JW NIL | ||||
| SIG P226 | Semi-auto pistol | [[File:SIG P226 img 1624.jpg | 140px]] | Standard pistol in JW Formoza (Navy Unit) | ||||
| FN Five-seven | Semi-auto pistol | Standard pistol for close protection in JW Grom | ||||||
| CZ Scorpion Evo 3 | Submachine gun | New addition SMG for direct force operations in JW Grom | ||||||
| Heckler & Koch MP5 | Submachine gun | [[File:HK MP5 noBG.png | 140x140px]] | Standard SMG for direct force operations in JW GROM, JW komandosów, JW Formoza and JW AGAT | ||||
| FN P90 | Submachine gun | [[File:P90 Official No Bg.png | 140x140px]] | Standard SMG for close protection in JW Grom | ||||
| Colt M4A1 | Assault rifle | [[File:M4A1-flattop.png | 140x140px]] | Mostly supplanted the Beryl in JW GROM and JW NIL (M4A3) | ||||
| Heckler & Koch HK416 | Assault rifle | [[File:HK416N.png | 140px]] | Assault rifle used by the Polish SOF, JW Grom, JW Komandosów, JW NIL and JW Agat. Various barrel options used (10, 14.5 and 16.5 inch). Most commonly used assault rifle of the Special Forces | ||||
| Heckler & Koch AG-C/GLM | Grenade launcher | [[File:HK AGCEGLM.jpg | 140px]] | Standard under-barrel grenade launcher used with the HK416 | ||||
| Heckler & Koch G36 | Assault rifle | [[File:Gewehr G36 noBG.png | 140x140px]] | Used in JW Formoza and JW GROM | ||||
| Heckler & Koch AG36 | Grenade launcher | Standard grenade launcher used with the G36 | ||||||
| FN Minimi | Light machine gun | [[File:FN MINIMI Standard Right.jpg | 140px]] | Most common light machine gun in the Polish SOF | ||||
| Carl Gustav | Recoilless rifle | [[File:Carl Gustav M4 (1) (brightened, no background) (leveled).png | 140x140px]] | |||||
| Beretta 92 | Semi-auto pistol | [[File:M9-pistolet.jpg | 140px]] | |||||
| M4 Carbine | Assault rifle | [[File:CQBR-alone.png | 140px]] | Clones made by KAC and Bushmaster | ||||
| F2000 | Assault rifle | [[File:FN F2000S.JPG | 140px]] | |||||
| M14 rifle | Battle rifle | [[File:PEO M14 EBR.jpg | 140x140px]] | Upgraded to EBR standard | ||||
| M203 | Grenade launcher | [[File:PEO M203A2 Grenade Launcher.png | 140px]] | |||||
| H&K MZP-1 | Grenade launcher | |||||||
| Remington 870 | Shotgun | [[File:M870mcs noBG.png | 139x139px]] | |||||
| Heckler & Koch PSG-1 | Sniper rifle | [[File:PSG-1--transparent.png | 140px]] | |||||
| Remington 700 | Sniper rifle | [[File:Remington Model 700.JPG | 140px]] | |||||
| Mauser SP66 | Sniper rifle | [[File:Mauser sp66 noBG.png | 140x140px]] | |||||
| Mauser 86 | Sniper rifle | |||||||
| Barrett M82 | Anti-material rifle | [[File:Barrett M82.jpg | 140x140px]] |
Vehicles
| Name | Type | Variant | In service | Notes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HMMWV | Four-wheel drive multi-purpose vehicle | M1151A1 | 42 | In 2009, JW AGAT and JW Komandosów each received 15 M1151A1 vehicles. The remaining 12 vehicles, probably without Frag Kit armor but equipped with an advanced communication system, were delivered to JW GROM. Additionally, later the Special Forces Command decided to purchase an unspecified number of M1165A1 Special Ops, the so-called Ground Mobility Vehicle, i.e. a vehicle configured exclusively for the needs of special forces | |||||
| Oshkosh M-ATV | MRAP | M1240A1 | date=2024-01-08 | title=Kolejna dostawa sprzętu z USA dla Wojska Polskiego | url=https://defence24.pl/wiadomosci/kolejna-dostawa-sprzetu-z-usa-dla-wojska-polskiego | access-date=2024-01-08 | website=defence24.pl | language=pl}} | Donated by the United States. |
| Toyota | Four-wheel drive vehicle | Land Cruiser | |||||||
| Hilux | Used by GROM and 1 Pułk Specjalny Komandosów (1st Special Commando's Regiment) | ||||||||
| Land Rover Defender | Four-wheel drive vehicle | 90 | |||||||
| 110 | url=http://motoryzacja.interia.pl/wiadomosci-dnia/news/nadjezdza-huzar,578034 | title=Nadjeżdża Huzar | date=4 January 2005}} | ||||||
| 6 | Used by JW GROM and JW Formoza | ||||||||
| Mercedes-Benz | Four-wheel drive vehicle | ||||||||
| Truck | G-class | ||||||||
| Atego 1323AK | url=http://gdziewojsko.wordpress.com/armieswiata/zakupy/ | title=Zakupy pojazdów dla Wojska Polskiego | work=Gdzie zaczyna się wojsko... | date=3 January 2011}} | The Polish Armed forces currently operate a total of 140 G-class vehicles. The Land forces operate 121 GD 290*s* and MB290GD WD*s*. The military police uses 13 GD 290*s*. | ||||
| Tarpan Honker | 4x4 | Honker Skorpion 3 special version | Used by JW komandosów | Polish made off-road vehicles, best variants are powered with Polish Andoria engines | |||||
| Defenture VECTOR | Four-wheel drive multi-purpose vehicle | Defenture GRF 4x4 | 2 option of ordering additional units{{Cite web | title=GROM kupuje holenderskie wszędołazy [ANALIZA] | access-date=2024-08-12 | date=24 July 2024 | language=pl}} | ||
| Star | Truck | Star 1444 (MAN TGM 18.280 BB) | 1 | Polish made trucks, now modernised to adjust to new weaponry and specifications | |||||
| Volvo | Truck | Volvo FM 8x4 | |||||||
| Volvo FM 6x6 | |||||||||
| Volvo FM 4x4 | 10 | ||||||||
| 11 | |||||||||
| 2 | |||||||||
| Yamaha | Motorbike | Yamaha XT660 | unknown | Used in JW NIL | |||||
| Polaris | Quad | Polaris Sportsman 500 EFI | unknown | Used in all Polish SOF units | |||||
| Range Rover | SUV | Range Rover Armoured | unknown | Used in Polish SOF Command |
Aircraft
| Name | Type | Variant | In service | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S-70i Black Hawk | Medium-lift transport/utility helicopter | S-70i | 8 | In 2019 7 S-70i Black Hawks were ordered and received. 4 to Special Forces and 3 to the Police. |
Unmanned aerial vehicle
| Name | Image | Type | In service | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FlyEye | [[File:WB_Electronics_FlyEye,_Kyiv_2021,_03.jpg | 220x220px]] | Small UAV | 44 | |
| RQ-21 Blackjack | [[File:Insitu_RQ-21_Blackjack_(cropped).jpg | 220x220px]] | Small UAV | 10 | |
| ScanEagle | [[File:ScanEagle_UAV_catapult_launcher_2005-04-16.jpg | 220x220px]] | Small UAV | 10 | As a result of the contract concluded in 2010 by the United States Department of Defense with Insitu, the Polish Army received one ScanEagle Block D UAV set free of charge, containing a ground system and 10 air platforms. Its user is the Jednostka Wojskowa NIL |
| Aeronautics Orbiter | [[File:Bespilotna_letelica_Orbiter_VS.JPG | 220x220px]] | Mini UAV | 13 | The first set of mini Aeronautics Orbiter class UAVs (4 flying devices) was purchased in October 2005 for the Jednostka Wojskowa GROM, the next three sets (3 flying devices each) were purchased in February 2007 |
| Mayfly | Mikro UAV | 24 | |||
| Black Hornet 3 | [[File:Black_Hornet_Nano_Helicopter_UAV.jpg | 220x220px]] | Nano UAV | 40 sets |
Rank insignia
Main article: Polish Armed Forces rank insignia
;Officers
| **NATO Code** | OF-9 | OF-8 | OF-7 | OF-6 | OF-5 | OF-4 | OF-3 | OF-2 | colspan=2 | OF-1 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| **[[File:POL Wojska Specjalne.svg | 50px]] | ||||||||||||||||||
| Special Forces** | |||||||||||||||||||
| **Polish name** | |||||||||||||||||||
| **Abbreviation** | |||||||||||||||||||
;Enlisted
| **NATO Code** | colspan=2 | OR-9 | OR-8 | OR-7 | OR-6 | OR-5 | colspan=2 | OR-4 | OR-3 | OR-2 | OR-1 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| **[[File:POL Wojska Specjalne.svg | 50px]] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Special Forces** | ||||||||||||||||||||
| **Polish name** | ||||||||||||||||||||
| **Abbreviation** |
References
References
- "2021 Budżet MON - Decyzja budżetowa MON załącznik do decyzji".
- "Ustawa z dnia 19 lutego 1993 r. o znakach Sił Zbrojnych Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej". Internet System of Legal Acts.
- "JW FORMOZA - USSE".
- "Jednostka Wojskowa "Agat"".
- "Jednostka Wojskowa "Nil"".
- Siminski, Jacek. (2019-12-23). "Polish Special Ops Component Receives S-70i Black Hawk Helicopters".
- "Mil Mi-17-1V Hip, lokalizacja: Powidz - (EPPW), autor: Marek Purat".
- "Miniguny w końcu kupione".
- https://pjos.wp.mil.pl/kwalifikacja/
- "HMMWV w Wojsku Polskim".
- (2024-01-08). "Kolejna dostawa sprzętu z USA dla Wojska Polskiego".
- (26 February 2015). "Polskie Wojska Specjalne otrzymały od Amerykanów 45 pojazdów opancerzonych M-ATV".
- Nowa Technika Wojskowa magazine, issue 03/09
- (4 January 2005). "Nadjeżdża Huzar".
- (3 January 2011). "Zakupy pojazdów dla Wojska Polskiego". Gdzie zaczyna się wojsko....
- Nowa Technika Wojskowa magazine, issue 03/09 96
- (17 December 2021). "Poland Purchases Four New S-70i Black Hawk Helicopters".
- "RQ-21A BlackJack na MSPO".
- ZBIAM. (2022-05-19). "Bezzałogowe statki powietrzne w Wojsku Polskim - raport specjalny [DO POBRANIA]".
- "Polska Zbrojna".
- (2019-06-15). "Nano bezzałogowce dla wojska. Black Hornet w Lublińcu".
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