Pishan County

History

In 1902, Pishan County was created from Guma, Sanju and other areas originally part of Kargilik.

In March 1950, the Pishan County People's Government was established.

In May 2010, Shahidulla (Xaidula/Saitula) was made a town.

On the night of December 28, 2011, Koxtag (Kuoshi Tage) in Pishan was the site of the 2011 Pishan hostage crisis.

In 2012/3, Muji was changed from a township into a town.

On July 3, 2015, the 2015 Pishan earthquake occurred, killing three and wounding 71.

On July 24, 2015, Koxtag was changed from a township to a town.

On January 9, 2016, Sanju was changed from a township to a town.

Geography

The northern part of Pishan/Guma County is made up of sand dunes in the Taklamakan Desert. The main part of the population of the county is grouped around oasis areas at the base of the Kunlun Mountains. The southern part of the county is mountainous including the Qizil Koran Range. A prominent mountain pass in the area is Sanju Pass. A prominent lake in the area is Cuolule Co (Cuolule Cuo, Tsorūl Tso; 错鲁勒错).

Climate

|Jan record high C = 19.1 |Jan record low C = -22.8 |Feb record high C = 21.2 |Feb record low C = -22.0 |Mar record high C = 31.1 |Mar record low C = -8.4 |Apr record high C = 35.0 |Apr record low C = -0.1 |May record high C = 37.1 |May record low C = 4.1 |Jun record high C = 40.3 |Jun record low C = 9.1 |Jul record high C = 41.6 |Jul record low C = 11.6 |Aug record high C = 40.6 |Aug record low C = 9.4 |Sep record high C = 36.0 |Sep record low C = 1.7 |Oct record high C = 29.7 |Oct record low C = -4.7 |Nov record high C = 25.1 |Nov record low C = -13.3 |Dec record high C = 18.7 |Dec record low C = -22.1

Administrative divisions

The county is made up of 1 subdistrict, 6 towns, 8 townships, 2 ethnic townships, and two other areas:

Other:

• Pishan Sanxia Industrial Park (سەنشىيا گۇما ناھىيىلىك باغچىلاشقان سانائەت رايونى, 皮山三峡工业园区)

Economy

The county produces rice, wheat, cotton, apricots, peaches, grapes, silkworms and furs. Coal, gypsum and mica are mined in the county. Industries include tractor repair, carpet making and food processing. Local specialities include sangpi paper and walnuts.

, there was about 54,600 acres (360,891 mu) of cultivated land in Guma.

Demographics

|2000|216024 |2010|258210 |}} In the late 2010s, ethnic minorities made up 98.4% of the population of the county, mainly Uyghurs. In 2011, Han Chinese accounted for less than 2% of the population of Pishan.

As of 2015, 290,016 of the 296,075 residents of the county were Uyghur, 3,788 were Han Chinese and 2,271 were from other ethnic groups.

As of 1999, 97.85% of the population of Guma (Pishan) County was Uyghur and 1.32% of the population was Han Chinese.

Transportation

• China National Highway 219
• China National Highway 315

Notable persons

• Ablajan Awut Ayup, pop singer
• Ghojimuhemmed Muhemmed, modern poet
• Osmanjan Muhemmed Pas'an, modern poet

Historical maps

File:Map India and Pakistan 1-250,000 Tile NI 44-1 Tsorul Tso.jpg|Map including Cuolule Co (labeled as Tsorūl Tso) in southern Pishan County (AMS, 1955) File:Txu-oclc-6654394-nj-44-3rd-ed.jpg|Map including Pishan (labeled as P'I-SHAN (GUMA BAZAR)) and the northern part of the county (USATC, 1971) File:NJ-44-13 Kang-Hsi-Wa China.jpg|Map including part of southern Guma (Pishan) County (DMA, 1973) File:Txu-oclc-6654394-ni-44-3rd-ed.jpg|Map including the southern part of the county and areas disputed between China and India (AMS, 1950) File:Operational Navigation Chart G-7, 6th edition.jpg|Map including Pishan (labeled as PISHAN (P'I-SHAN)) and surrounding region (DMA, 1980)

Notes

References

References

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