PICA200

Overview

The PICA200 is the successor to the ULTRAY2000, a proof of concept graphics workstation presented at SIGGRAPH 2005, created with the goal of testing DMP's attempts at a low power fixed-function "MAESTRO" GPU architecture.

The PICA200 implements the "MAESTRO-2G" architecture and supports programmable vertex shaders and geometry shaders, with a fixed-function fragment stage. It is advertised as supporting OpenGL ES 1.1 with certain proprietary extensions.

The PICA200 has up to 4 programmable vertex processors which can work in parallel. One of those processors, the "primitive engine", can be used as either vertex processor or a geometry processor. The "primitive engine" also allow the ability to do more complex operations including, but not limited to Catmull–Clark subdivision and Loop subdivision

Some MAESTRO-2G extensions include, per-pixel lighting (where the lighting is calculated per pixel instead of per vertex), procedural texture generation, bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), Cook-Torrance specular highlights, polygon subdivision (through geometry shaders), soft shadow projection, and fake subsurface scattering (similar to two-sided lighting).

Applications

The PICA200 is used as the GPU for the Nintendo 3DS portable handheld game console.

Specification

• Manufacturing process: 65 nm
• Maximum clock frequency 400 MHz
• Pixel performance (theoretical):
  • 400 Megapixel/s @100 MHz
  • 800 Megapixel/s @200 MHz
• Vertex performance (theoretical):
  • 40Mtriangle/s @100 MHz
  • 15.3Mpolygon/s @200 MHz
• Power consumption: 0.5-1.0 mW/MHz
• Frame Buffer max. 4095×4095 pixels
• Supported pixel formats: RGBA4444, RGB565, RGBA5551, RGBA8888
• Vertex program (ARB_vertex_program)
• Render to Texture
• Hardware Transform and Lighting(T&L)
• MipMap
• Bilinear texture filtering
• Alpha blending
• Full-scene anti-aliasing (2×2)
• Phong Shading
• Cel Shading
• Perspective-Correct Texture Mapping
• Dot3 Bump Mapping/Normal Mapping.
• Shadow Mapping
• Shadow Volumes
• Self-Shadowing
• Light-mapping
• Environment Mapping/Reflection Mapping
• Volumetric Fog
• Post-processing effects like motion, bloom, depth of field, HDR rendering, gamma correction
• Polygon offset
• Depth Test, Stencil Test, Alpha Test.
• Clipping, Culling
• 8-bit stencil buffer
• 24-bit depth buffer
• Single/Double/Triple buffer
• 5-Stage TEV Pipeline
• TEV Combiner Buffer(Only the first four TEV stages can write to the combiner buffer)
• Color Combiners, Alpha Combiners, Texture Combiners.
• DMP's MAESTRO-2G technology:
  • Per-pixel lighting
  • Fake sub-surface scattering
  • Procedural texture
  • Refraction mapping
  • Subdivision primitive
  • Shadow
  • Gaseous object rendering
  • Bidirectional reflectance distribution function
  • Cook-Torrance Model
  • Polygon subdivision
  • Soft shadowing

References

References

1. (Jun 7, 2012). "Digital Media Professionals Inc at Computex 2012".
2. (July 25, 2006). "DMP Shows Capabilities of the PICA Platform with Demo from Futuremark".
3. (July 15, 2010). "Zenji Nishikawa's "PICA200" course for 3D game fans by Zenji Nishikawa (Part 1)".
4. (August 15, 2006). "Procedural texture generation unit and saving video memory".
5. (August 6, 2011). "Primitive processing and advanced shading architecture for embedded space - HPG 2011".
6. "GPU/Primitive Engine - 3dbrew".
7. (July 16, 2010). "Zenji Nishikawa's "PICA200" course for 3D game fans (Part 2)".
8. (August 15, 2006). "Procedural texture generation unit and saving video memory".
9. (April 14–18, 2008). "[Page64] DMP Inc. PICA graphics core". EuroGraphics 2008, Crete.
10. (October 16, 2008). "K. Kolchin, CURVATURE BASED RENDERING METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TRANSLUCENT MATERIALS SUCH AS SKIN OF HUMAN BODY, JP2008250577 (A)".
11. (August 15, 2006). "Simon Green, GPU Gems 2, Chapter 16. Real-Time Approximations to Subsurface Scattering".
12. (2021-10-19 }} {{Cite web). "Press Release: DMP 3D Graphics IP core "PICA200" is adopted by Nintendo 3DS". Digital Media Professionals Inc. (DMP).
13. (June 11, 2010). "PICA 200 3D Graphics IP (product brochure)". Digital Media Professionals Inc. (DMP).
14. "The Nintendo 3DS Knows How to Make Fog, It's Built on a Chip - Siliconera".