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Periosteum

Membrane covering outer surface of bones

Field	Value
Name	Periosteum
Latin	periosteum
Image	607 Periosteum and Endosteum.jpg
Caption	The periosteum covers the outside of bones.
Image2	Meninges-en.svg
Caption2	Meninges of the CNS
Location	Outer surface of all bones

The periosteum is a membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones, except at the articular surfaces (i.e. the parts within a joint space) of long bones. (At the joints of long bones the bone's outer surface is lined with "articular cartilage", a type of hyaline cartilage.) Endosteum lines the inner surface of the medullary cavity of all long bones.

Structure

The periosteum consists of an inner cambium layer and an outer fibrous layer

The periosteum consists of an outer fibrous layer, and an inner cambium layer (or osteogenic layer). The fibrous layer is of dense irregular connective tissue, containing fibroblasts, while the cambium layer is highly cellular containing progenitor cells that develop into osteoblasts. These osteoblasts are responsible for increasing the width of a long bone (the length of a long bone is controlled by the epiphyseal plate) and the overall size of the other bone types. After a bone fracture, the progenitor cells develop into osteoblasts and chondroblasts, which are essential to the healing process. The outer fibrous layer and the inner cambium layer are differentiated under electron micrography.

As opposed to osseous tissue, the periosteum has nociceptors, sensory neurons that make it very sensitive to manipulation. It also provides nourishment by providing the blood supply to the body from the marrow. The periosteum is attached to the bone by strong collagen fibres called "Sharpey's fibres", which extend to the outer circumferential and interstitial lamellae. It also provides an attachment for muscles and tendons.

The periosteum that covers the outer surface of the bones of the skull is known as the pericranium, except when in reference to the layers of the scalp.

Etymology

The word periosteum is derived from the Greek peri-, meaning "surrounding", and -osteon, meaning "bone". The peri refers to the fact that the periosteum is the outermost layer of long bones, surrounding other inner layers.

Additional images

File:Gray1196.png|Diagrammatic section of head.

References

(1987). "Musculoskeletal System: A Compilation of Paintings of Anatomy, Physiology, and Metabolic Disorders, Part 1". [[Ciba Specialty Chemicals.
"Definition of PERIOSTEUM".
(April 2010). "The periosteum: what is it, where is it, and what mimics it in its absence?". Skeletal Radiology.
(2021). "Histology, Periosteum And Endosteum". [[StatPearls Publishing]].
Modric, Jan. (9 December 2013). "Periosteum Definition, Location, Anatomy, Histology and Function - eHealthStar".
"peri- {{!}} Meaning of prefix peri- by etymonline".

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

skeletal-system

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