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Per mille

Unit for parts per thousand

Unit for parts per thousand

FieldValue
mark‰
namePer mille
unicode
see also
(Basis point)
Note

(Basis point)

The phrase per mille () indicates parts per thousand. The associated symbol is , similar to a per cent sign but with an extra zero in the divisor.

Major dictionaries do not agree on the spelling, permil,

The word promille is the cognate in Dutch, German, Finnish, Swedish and Danish and is sometimes seen as a loanword in English with the same meaning as per mille.

The symbol is included in the General Punctuation block of Unicode at . There is also an Arabic-Indic per mille sign at .

Examples

Blood alcohol concentration

Main article: Blood alcohol concentration

Promille and permille are likely best known as shorthand terms for Blood Alcohol Concentration, where 1 promille corresponds to 1 gram of alcohol per liter of blood. Promille is used in the legal limits of blood-alcohol content for driving a road vehicle in some countries: for example: 0.5‰ or 0.8‰.

Cost per mille

Sales and marketing

Main article: Cost per mille

Cost per mille (CPM), the price of 1000 units, may be used for views of banner and display advertising, and for emails delivered by email service providers.

Insurance

In UK insurance usage, the cost per mille is the rate per £1000 of insured value. In India, the premium per mille is the rate expressed as thousandths of the sum assured.

Gradients

Main article: Grade (slope)

Gradients (in some countries in Europe) may be expressed as mm/m or m/km, and written with the per mille symbol.

Isotope ratios

Per mille may be used to express stable isotope ratios—for example: "δ13C was measured at −3.5‰".

Taxation

Charity fraction

In Italy, it is possible to nominate a charity or charities to receive "five per mille" (5‰) of personal taxation payments.

Property tax

Main article: Property tax

Property taxation rates may be expressed as the millage rate (U.S.) or mill rate (Canada), from mill (currency), one thousandth of a dollar.

Quantile

Main article: Quantile

Permille may also be used to express a 1000-quantile ("999th permille"), but this usage is rare and largely obsolete. Modern publications instead use fractional percentiles ("99.9th percentile").

Salinity

Main article: Salinity

Seawater salinity is often expressed per mille. Average marine salinity is about 35 parts per thousand or 35‰ (3.5%).

Notes

References

References

  1. {{cite OED. per mil
  2. "per mille". [[Cambridge University Press]].
  3. "per mill".
  4. "per mille".
  5. "Cambridge German{{snd}} English Dictionary". Cambridge University Press.
  6. (2008). "Glossary of terms related to solubility". Pure Appl. Chem..
  7. Unicode.u+2038 "[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2000.pdf General Punctuation]". 2014. Accessed 5 Aug 2014.
  8. "Promille vs BAC: the difference and how much promille is 1 BAC".
  9. "Blood alcohol level (BAL)". Health Research Board (Ireland).
  10. "A Dictionary of Finance and Banking".
  11. (March 2019). "Avoidable loss due to imprudent underwriting of Group Personal Accident Policy". Comptroller and Auditor General of India.
  12. (January 1986). "Directives pour la mesure de l'uni des routes et l'étalonnage des appareils". [[World Bank]].
  13. (22 June 2021). "Five per thousand—how does it work and how is it calculated?". [[N26]] (bank).
  14. (1969). "Elementary Statistical Methods". Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  15. (21 September 2022). "Senescent cell accumulation & Research-based undergraduate education".
  16. (December 2023). "Cellular senescence in kidney biopsies is associated with tubular dysfunction and predicts CKD progression in childhood cancer patients with karyomegalic interstitial nephropathy". The Journal of Pathology.
  17. (2022). "Glossary of Meteorology". American Meteorological Society.
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1000-(number) typographical-symbols
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