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Pantetheine

Pantetheine is the cysteamine amide analog of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5). The dimer of this compound, pantethine is more commonly known, and is considered to be the most potent form of vitamin B5. Pantetheine is an intermediate in the catabolism of coenzyme A by the body.

TOC

Metabolism

Pantetheine is the product of dephosphorylation of phosphopantetheine:

: phosphopantetheine → pantetheine + Pi

In E. coli, this reaction is catalyzed by for example alkaline phosphatase. The reverse reaction, phosphopantetheine synthesis, is catalyzed by various kinases:

: phosphopantetheine + ATP → pantetheine + ADP These kinases are able to act upon pantothenoic acid as well and are present in both microorganisms and animal livers.

Pantetheine is degraded by pantetheinase, which splits it into cysteamine and pantothenic acid: : pantetheine → cysteamine + pantothenate

Prebiotic evolution

Since pantetheine is a part of coenzyme A, a common cofactor, it is thought to have been present in prebiotic soup. A synthesis mechanism has also been suggested. Pantetheine may also be a component in prebiotic peptidyl-RNA synthesis.

References

References

  1. (April 1954). "Biosynthesis of coenzyme A from phospho-pantetheine and of pantetheine from pantothenate". The Journal of Biological Chemistry.
  2. (June 2014). "The chain-flipping mechanism of ACP (acyl carrier protein)-dependent enzymes appears universal". The Biochemical Journal.
  3. (September 2013). "Linkage between coenzyme a metabolism and inflammation: roles of pantetheinase". Journal of Pharmacological Sciences.
  4. (April 1984). "Metabolism of 4'-phosphopantetheine in Escherichia coli". Journal of Bacteriology.
  5. (1970-01-01). "Section d - Biosynthesis of Pantothenic Acid and Coenzyme A". Elsevier.
  6. (February 1995). "A possible prebiotic synthesis of pantetheine, a precursor to coenzyme A". Nature.
  7. (27 August 2025). "Thioester-mediated RNA aminoacylation and peptidyl-RNA synthesis in water". Nature.
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carboxamides thiols vitamins diols
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