Pacific Fleet (Russia)

History

In 1731, the Imperial Russian Navy created the Okhotsk Military Flotilla (Охотская военная флотилия, ru) under its first commander, Grigoriy Skornyakov-Pisarev, to patrol and transport government goods to and from Kamchatka. In 1799, 3 frigates and 3 smaller ships were sent to Okhotsk under the command of Rear-Admiral I. Fomin to form a functioning military flotilla. In 1849, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky became the Flotilla's principal base, which a year later would be transferred to Nikolayevsk-on-Amur and later to Vladivostok in 1871. In 1854, the men of the Flotilla distinguished themselves in the defense of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky during the Crimean War, (1853–1856). In 1856, the Okhotsk Military Flotilla changed its name to the "Siberian Military Flotilla" (Сибирская военная флотилия, ru).

In 1860, the provisions of the Convention of Peking ceded parts of Outer Manchuria in northeastern China, including the modern day krai of Primorsky Krai to the Russian Empire. A large squadron under Rear Admiral A. A. Popov was sent from the Baltic Fleet to the Pacific Ocean. During the American Civil War ships of the squadron visited San Francisco while the Baltic Fleet visited New York City. Parts of the squadron, including the Finnish corvette Kalevala, returned to the Baltic in 1865.

At the turn of the 20th century, the Flotilla was still small in numbers. Owing to a gradual deterioration in Russo-Japanese relations, the Imperial Russian government adopted a special shipbuilding program to meet the needs of the Russian Far East region, but its execution dragged on and in addition there were several clashes and defeats between Russian and Imperial Japanese Navy vessels. In response, the Naval headquarters in St. Petersburg ordered the Baltic Fleet to the Pacific to reinforce Russian naval forces, primarily the First Pacific Squadron on the east coast of Asia and its naval base at Port Arthur.

By the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, Imperial Russian naval forces in the Far East consisted of the 1st Pacific Squadron (7 battleships, 7 cruisers, 13 torpedo boats, 2 gunboats) and a number of ships from the "Siberian Military Flotilla" (2 minelayers, 12 torpedo boats and 5 gunboats), based in Port Arthur. Other ships of the "Siberian Military Flotilla" (4 cruisers, 10 torpedo boats) were stationed in Vladivostok.

During the Russo-Japanese War, most of the Russian Navy in the Pacific was destroyed. The Russian Baltic Fleet under Admiral Zinovy Rozhestvensky, renamed the Second Pacific Squadron, was defeated at the Battle of Tsushima.

During the Russian Revolution of 1905, the sailors of the Pacific Fleet were actively engaged in the revolutionary movement, participating in armed revolts in Vladivostok in January 1906 and October 1907. During the October Revolution of 1917, the sailors of the Siberian and Amur military flotillas fought for the establishment of Soviet authority in the Far East and against the White army and interventionists. During the Russian Civil War, almost all of the ships of the Pacific Fleet were seized by the White army and the Japanese. After the departure of the interventionists in 1922, the Soviets created the Naval Forces of the Far East, under commander Ivan Kozhanov, as a part of the Vladivostok unit, and the Amur Military Flotilla (Амурская военная флотилия, or Amurskaya voyennaya flotiliya). In 1926, these were disbanded: the Vladivostok unit was transferred to the command of the frontier troops in the Far East, and the Amur flotilla became a flotilla of its own.

Establishment in 1932

Owing to Japanese aggression in Manchuria in 1931, the Central Committee and the Soviet government decided to create the Naval Forces in the Far East on 13 April 1932. In January 1935, they were renamed the Pacific Fleet, under commander M. Viktorov. The creation of the fleet entailed great difficulties. The first units were formed with small ships delivered by railroad. In 1932, the torpedo boat squadron and eight submarines were put into service. In 1934, the Pacific Fleet received 26 small submarines. The creation of the naval aviation and coastal artillery was underway. In 1937, they opened the Pacific Military School.

By the beginning of World War II, the Pacific Fleet had two surface ship subdivisions, four submarine subdivisions, one torpedo boat subdivision, a few squadrons of ships and patrol boats, airborne units, coastal artillery and marines.

World War II

During the Great Patriotic War (the Soviet World War II campaign against Germany from 1941 to 1945) the Pacific Fleet was in a permanent state of alert and ready for action, although the Soviets remained neutral with respect to the Empire of Japan, the only Axis power in the Pacific, even after Japan entered World War II. At the same time, the Soviets transferred a destroyer leader, three destroyers, and five submarines from the Pacific Fleet to the Northern Fleet. More than 140,000 sailors from the Pacific Fleet were incorporated in the rifle brigades and other units on the Soviet front against Germans in Europe. By August 1945, the Pacific Fleet consisted of two cruisers, one destroyer leader, ten destroyers, two torpedo boats, 19 patrol boats, 78 submarines, ten minelayers, 52 minesweepers, 49 "MO" anti-submarine boats (MO stands for Малый Охотник, or "little hunter"), 204 motor torpedo boats and 1459 war planes.

During the Soviet–Japanese War of 1945, the Pacific Fleet participated in the removal of the Empire of Japan from Northern Korea (a part of the Manchurian Operation of 1945), in the Invasion of South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands Landing Operation the same year.

Thousands of sailors and officers were awarded orders and medals for outstanding military service; more than fifty men received the title Hero of the Soviet Union. Eighteen ships and fleet units received the title of the Soviet Guards, and sixteen were awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

Cold War

On 5 May 1965, the Pacific Fleet itself was awarded with the Order of the Red Banner.

The Pacific Fleet started deploying forces to the Indian Ocean, and established the 8th Operational (Indian Ocean) Squadron in 1968, after the British government announced its intention to withdraw its military forces east of the Suez Canal by 1971. In addition to the defensive function of balancing the naval strength in the Indian Ocean against that of the United States Navy, the 8th Squadron played a role in promoting Soviet foreign policy. Regular visits and port calls were made in the Indian subcontinent, the Persian Gulf, and the East African coast.

The 8th Operational Squadron grew quite substantial at times; in 1980, a Soviet flotilla of 'about ten guided missile cruisers, destroyers and frigates and more than a dozen support ships' was juxtaposed to the U.S. Navy's Task Force 70 in the region. There were also 23 other Soviet ships in the South China Sea, at the same time. In addition, Soviet Ilyushin Il-38 reconnaissance planes, based in Aden or Ethiopia, maintained a close watch on U.S. vessels, as did Ka-25 Hormone helicopters from Soviet warships. In 1981 the fleet suffered the loss of many of its senior officers, including its commander in chief, Admiral Emil Spiridonov, when the Tupolev Tu-104 transporting them back to Vladivostok after meetings in Leningrad crashed shortly after takeoff from Pushkin Airport. A total of 16 admirals and generals, and 38 lower ranking officers, were killed.

In the 1980s, Soviet naval strategy shifted to an emphasis on bastion defense, fortifying the Sea of Okhotsk for that purpose. By the mid-1980s, the Pacific Fleet had constituted 32% of all Soviet naval assets, up from 28% in 1975 and 25% in 1965. It included approximately 800 ships, over 120 submarines, and 98 surface combatants. Two of the ships were aircraft carriers and , which served from the 1970s and 1980s to the 1990s. The battlecruiser Admiral Lazarev of the served with the fleet in the 1980s and 1990s as well.

In 1988 the Primorskiy Flotilla (Military Unit Number 20885) comprised the 165th Missile Ship Brigade (Uliss Bay (Vladivostok)); the 202nd Anti-Submarine Warfare Brigade (Abrek Bay (Fokino), Primorskiy Kray); the 4th Brigade of Constructed and Overhauled Submarines (Vladivostok, Primorskiy Kray); the 72nd Brigade of Constructed and Overhauled Submarines (Bolshoy Kamen, Primorskiy Kray); the 45th and 47th Coastal Defence Brigades; the 7th Minesweeper Brigade (Razboynik Bay (Vladivostok), Primorskiy Kray); and the 19th Submarine Brigade (Uliss Bay, Vladivostok.

Recent events

In the 1990s and 2000s, the Pacific Fleet lost many of its larger units. Within a few years after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Fleet lost all its aircraft carriers, and by early 2000 only one cruiser remained active with the Fleet. By the end of the 2010s, the Fleet consisted of one large missile cruiser, five destroyers, ten nuclear submarines, eight diesel-electric submarines plus numerous light units, amphibious ships and auxiliaries.

May 1992 saw the first of five large ammunition explosions at Pacific Fleet storage depots, 1992–2003. The blast rocked the city of Vladivostok.

Between 5–12 July 2013, warships from the Russian Pacific Fleet and the North Sea Fleet of the People's Liberation Army Navy participated in Joint Sea 2013, bilateral naval maneuvers held in the Peter the Great Bay. Joint Sea 2013 was the largest naval drills yet undertaken by the PRC's navy with a foreign navy. In 2021, a joint Russian-Chinese squadron sailed around Japan, passing between Japanese islands through the Tsugaru Strait and then the Osumi Strait. The Russian ships in the squadron included the destroyers Admiral Panteleyev and Admiral Tributs, the corvettes Aldar Tsydenzhapov and Gromkiy as well as auxiliaries.

Plans for deployment of new large units to the Fleet were announced in the early 2010s. Several new ballistic missile submarines, and large cruisers were projected to join the Fleet. However, these plans evolved over the course of the decade with a changed focus by 2020 on light units and submarines to renew the fleet. In this regard, the focus is now on new general purpose frigates (Gorshkov-class), multi-role and missile corvettes (Steregushchiy-class, Gremyashchiy-class and Karakurt-class) as well as on a full range of new submarines (the Borei, Yasen and Improved Kilo classes). Vessels of these classes are all projected to enter service through the 2020s. From the early 2020s, with the arrival of the Borei and Yasen classes, Russian submarine activity in the region, and the length of submarine patrols, began to increase.

In addition, the Pacific Fleet's amphibious capabilities will be modernized in the mid-latter 2020s through the acquisition of one or more of the Ivan Gren-class landing ships and possibly one of the new Ivan Rogov-class helicopter assault ships. These plans coincided with a seeming broader intent to expand all Russian naval infantry brigades into division-sized formations. In the Pacific, the combined expansion of the strength of the naval infantry and the fleet's amphibious shipping would enhance Russian power projection capabilities; though all of these plans await the outcome of the Russo-Ukraine War.

While existing ballistic-missile submarine production has fully replaced and increased numbers of SSBNs in the Pacific Fleet, it is unclear that the production of the Yasen-class vessels, and potential follow-on models, will be sufficient to replace aging older nuclear attack and cruise missile submarines on a one-for-one basis. Reports suggest that Russian third-generation nuclear submarines have not been modernized to a level to avoid block obsolescence before 2030. The 2016 decision to add six new "Improved Kilo"-class conventionally-powered submarines to the fleet (all of which were commissioned by 2025) may be partly designed to mitigate such a gap.

2008 submarine accident

Main article: 2008 Russian submarine accident

An accident aboard , a nuclear-powered attack submarine doing a test run during sea trials in the Sea of Japan on 8 November 2008, killed more than 20 people, marking the worst submarine disaster since Kursk sank in 2000. Nerpa was an belonging to the Pacific Fleet. Its construction began in 1991, but was delayed due to lack of funding.

2025 Kamchatka Peninsula earthquake

Rybachy, a nuclear submarine base located in Avacha Bay, was damaged by the 2025 Kamchatka Peninsula earthquake and tsunami, according to satellite images.

Satellite imagery showed that one of the base's floating piers had been damaged. The 8.8-magnitude earthquake occurred just 140 kilometers from the base.

Order of battle

The Pacific Fleet is one component of the Russian Eastern Military District established in 2010. Other components of the Eastern District include the 11th Air and Air Defence Forces Army (providing both aviation and air defence units in the District) as well as four ground force army headquarters (the 5th, 29th, 35th and 36th Combined Arms Armies). Elements of all ground force armies from the Eastern Military District were reported operating in Ukraine as of 2025. One independent corps HQ (the 68th Guards Corps) had been formed on Sakhalin island prior to the Russo-Ukraine War and elements of the Corps were also deployed in Ukraine.

The Russian Coast Guard provides additional armed patrol capabilities in the Pacific, comprising up to 77 armed patrol vessels of various types.

Surface warships

Landing Craft

• Project 1176 (Ondatra-class) landing craft: 3 vessels (D-57, D-70, D-704){{cite web|url=https://russianships.info/eng/warships/project_1176.htm |title = Landing craft Project 1176 Akula|website=Russian Ships Info |access-date=9 November 2025}}
• Project 11770 (Serna-class) landing craft: 1 vessel (D-107)

Submarines

Mine Countermeasures Vessels

Other surface units

Patrol ships

• Ivan Susanin-class patrol ships: Ivan Susanin (active as of 2024)
• Patrol/Anti-Saboteur Boats:
  • Grachonok-class anti-saboteur ship: 6 Vessels (P-377; P-417 Yunarmeets Kamchatki; P-420 Yunarmeets Primorya; P-431 Yunarmeets Chukotki; P-445; P-450 Yunarmeets Sakhalina)

Up to 77 armed patrol vessels deployed with the Coast Guard of the FSB Border Service, including larger corvettes/offshore patrol vessels, are also deployed in the Pacific. See: Russian Coast Guard#Vessels in service

Principal Auxiliaries For a more complete list of Russian navy auxiliaries see: List of active Russian Navy ships#Auxiliaries

Intelligence/Tracking Vessels:

• Vishnya-class intelligence ships:
  • Kareliya; (assigned to 515th division of reconnaissance ships; active as of 2026)
  • Kurily (active as of 2025)
• Marshal Nedelin-class intelligence ship Marshal Krylov (active as of 2024; assigned to the 114th Brigade of the Pacific Fleet)
• Balzam-class intelligence ship Pribaltika (active as of 2024)
• 2 x Project 141 Salvage vessel/ Submersible support: KIL-498 & KIL-927 Fleet Oilers:
• Boris Chilikin-class: 1 vessel (Boris Butoma - active as of 2025)
• Dubna-class: 2 vessels (Irkut active as of 2024; Pechanga active as of 2025)
• Uda-class: 1 vessel (Vishera)
• Altay-class: 2 vessels (Ilim and Izhora - latter vessel reported active as of 2022) Hydrographic Survey Vessels: 4 Yug-class (Project 862) vessels
• Vice-Admiral Vorontsov (formerly Briz)
• Gals
• Marshal Gelovani
• Pegas Icebreakers:
• Yevpaty Kolovrat (Project 21180M icebreaker; deployed with the Pacific Fleet as of 2024) Other Support Ships/Auxiliaries:
• Project 304-class Repair Ships: 6 vessels (PM-5 (may have decommissioned in 2021), PM-15, PM-52, PM-59, PM-92, PM-97, PM-156)
• Akademik Kovalev (Project 20180 ocean-going armaments transport; entered service 2015)
• Igor Belousov (Project 21300C ocean-going rescue ship; entered service 2016)

Naval Aviation

Naval Aviation of the Pacific Fleet as of 2023:

• Fighters: 1-2 Squadrons with MiG-31B/M fighters (with K-variant with Kh-47M2 Kinzhal ASMs): 317th Mixed Aviation Regiment; and possibly the 865th "Red Banner Order of Labour Fighter Aviation Regiment PVO" (reported disbanded in 2010 but may have reformed in 2019; status remained unclear) MiG-31s are based at Yelizovo-Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Airport (HQ) & also reported at Anadyr airport in the Chukotka region (December 2020) with further potential forward operating locations at Wrangel Island and elsewhere

• Fixed-wing ASW aircraft/helicopters:

  • 1 Squadron with Tu-142MR/MZ/M3 (Bear-F) maritime-patrol/ASW aircraft: (568th Independent Composite Aviation Regiment – HQ at Mongokhto) (M3 (Bear-F) variant reported delivered as of 2020
  • 2 Squadrons with Il-38N ASW aircraft (one part of 317th Mixed Aviation Regiment, reported upgrading with N-model variant of the aircraft as of 2017; & one with 289th Independent Anti-submarine Air Regiment – HQ at Nikolayevka)
  • 3 Squadrons with Ka-27 Helix ASW helicopters (including with 175th Independent Shipborne Anti-submarine Helicopter Squadron – HQ at Yelizovo & the 289th Independent Anti-submarine Air Regiment deploying both Ka-27 ASW and Ka-29 (Helix B) attack helicopters)

• Transport aircraft: 2 Squadrons (incl. 71st Independent Military Transport Air Squadron? – HQ at Nikolayevka, Primorskaya) with An-12BK Cub, An-140-100, [[An-26|An-26 Curl]] & Tu-134 aircraft.

Additional aviation and air defence assets in the Eastern Military District are deployed as part of the 11th Air and Air Defence Forces Army, including Su-35s at Yelizovo on the Kamchatka Peninsula (deployed there on rotation as of 2021). The Pacific Fleet's aviation element was described as being "heavily dependent" on support from the 11th Air Army.

Tu-95MS and Tu-22M3 bombers (including with Kh-47M2 Kinzhal hypersonic and Kh-32 long-range supersonic anti-ship missiles) are also able to be deployed in a maritime attack role. deployed as part of Russian Long-Range Aviation, including in the Eastern Military District. As of 2023, plans may include the creation of a new heavy bomber regiment with the 326th Heavy Bomber Division (equipped with Tu-160 Blackjack strategic bombers), to be based in the Amur and Irkutsk regions.

Ground Forces

According to a report from the Institute for the Study of War, in March 2018 the Fleet contained two naval infantry brigades, a coastal brigade, and coastal regiment. However, an expansion of these capabilities, introducing new units and formations, was underway as of 2020/21. As of 2022, there appeared to be a longer-term intent to expand all Russian naval infantry brigades into division-sized formations.

In 2022, both of the Pacific Fleet's naval infantry brigades were transferred to Ukraine for operations as part of the Russian invasion. Up to the end of 2022, both brigades reportedly experienced heavy losses. In April 2022, the 155th Brigade was reportedly awarded the "Guards" title for its service, while the 40th Naval Infantry Brigade was awarded the title in 2023. In September 2025, elements of both brigades were reported operating in eastern Ukraine together with elements from other naval infantry units, including the 177th naval infantry regiment as well as the 61st and 336th naval infantry brigades. As of December 2025, the 155th brigade (now formally designated as a "division") was specifically reported as operating in the vicinity of Pokrovsk.

Organization:

• Naval Infantry (deployed to Ukraine as of 2025)
  • 40th Separate Guards Naval Infantry Brigade, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
  • 55th Guards Naval Infantry Division, Vladivostok (formally upgraded to "division" status as of 1 December 2025)
  • 42nd Maritime Recon Point (Special Forces battalion), Vladivostok
• Coastal Defence
  • Division-sized formation reported being established in Chukotka region as of 2021, said to include the 50th coastal defence regiment as of 2023
• Coastal Defence Surface-to-Surface Missile Units
  • 520th Separate Coastal Missile Artillery Brigade, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
    • 2 Battalions/Squadrons with K-300 Bastion Surface-to-Surface Missiles (as of 2018; additional units reported forming with the aim of 3-5 Bastion and 1-2 SSC-6 Bal battalions/squadrons).
  • 72nd Separate Coastal Missile Brigade (units equipped with Bastion SSM (Iturup Island, Matua Island and Paramushir Island) and Bal SSM battalion (Kunashir Island)), HQ: Vladivostok
  • New Coastal Missile Brigade (the 75th brigade) established in 2021 to defend Sakhalin

Commanders of the Pacific Fleet

• Mikhail Vladimirovich Viktorov (from April 1932)
• Grigoriy Petrovich Kireyev (from August 1937)
• Nikolay Gerasimovich Kuznetsov (from January 1938)
• Ivan Stepanovich Yumashev (from August 1939)

In January 1947, the Pacific Fleet was divided into the 5th and 7th fleets:

In April 1953, the Fleets were once again combined under one Pacific Fleet command:

• Yuriy Aleksandrovich Panteleyev (from January 1953)
• Valentin Andreyevich Chekurov (from January 1956)
• Vitaliy Alekseyevich Fokin (from February 1958)
• Nikolai Nikolayevich Amelko (from June 1962)
• Nikolay Ivanovich Smirnov (from March 1969)
• Vladimir Petrovich Maslov (from September 1974)
• Emil Nikolayevich Spiridonov (from August 1979)
• Vladimir Vasilyevich Sidorov (from February 1986)
• Gennadiy Aleksandrovich Khvatov (From December 1986)
• Georgiy Nikolayevich Gurinov (from March 1993)
• Igor Nikolayevich Khmelnov (from August 1994)
• Vladimir Ivanovich Kuroyedov (from February 1996)
• Mikhail Georgiyevich Zakharenko (from July 1997)
• Gennady Aleksandrovich Suchkov (from July 2001)
• Viktor Dmitriyevich Fyodorov (from December 2001)
• Konstantin Semyonovich Sidenko (from December 2007)
• Sergey Iosifovich Avakyants (Acting from August 2010 – appointed Commander since 3 May 2012)
• Viktor Liina (From April 2023)

References

References

1. link
2. "Russia names new commanders for Baltic and Pacific fleets".
3. "8th Operational Squadron".
4. [[Time (magazine). Time]], '[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,921817,00.html Confrontation at Camel Station] {{Webarchive. link. (2008-12-07 ,' Monday, February 18, 1980)
5. Koshelev, S.. "ЧЕРНЫЙ ФЕВРАЛЬ". Morskaya Gazeta.
6. Smolyannikov, Sergei. (7 February 2011). "Командование Тихоокеанского флота погибло из-за халатности и неосторожности".
7. Sokirko, Viktor. (8 March 2018). "История трагедии: как Тихоокеанский флот лишился руководства в авиакатастрофе 1981 года".
8. (Spring 1986). "The Soviets in Cam Ranh Bay". [[Center for the National Interest]].
9. Holm, Michael. "Red Banner Pacific Fleet (TOF) - Краснознамённый Тихоокеанский флот (ТОФ) - Military Unit: 62665".
10. (2003). "Latest Russian Far East Ammunition Blast Raises Questions". Transitions Online.
11. Minnie Chan. (3 July 2013). "China to join Russia in joint naval drills in Sea of Japan". [[South China Morning Post]].
12. "Rondeli Russian Military Digest: Issue 104, 18 October - 24 October 2021".
13. "Missile cruiser Marshal Ustinov moves to Pacific Fleet".
14. "Mistral carriers for Russia"s Pacific Fleet: Voice of Russia".
15. (29 May 2020). "Russia's Pacific fleet to get 15 new vessels in 2020".
16. "Russia's Pacific Fleet is Getting Stronger. Here's Why That Matters".
17. Koizumi, Yu. (22 October 2024). "Russian Pacific Fleet Redux: Japan's North as a New Center of Gravity".
18. (28 August 2020). "Russia's Project 23900 LHD to be Able to Operate in the Arctic".
19. (11 December 2020). "БДК "Петр Моргунов" передадут ВМФ 15 декабря -".
20. (1 December 2025). "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, December 1, 2025".
21. Muraviev, Alexey D.. (2023). "Battle Reading the Russian Pacific Fleet 2023-2030 p. 20".
22. (30 September 2020). "Russian Navy postpones upgrade of third-generation nuclear submarines".
23. (30 March 2019). "Russia to Complete Kilo-Class Subs Series for Pacific Fleet by 2025".
24. Gutterman, Steve. (9 November 2008). "Russian navy: sub accident kills more than 20".
25. (9 November 2008). "At least 20 die in accident on Russian nuclear sub". reuters.com.
26. (1 August 2025). "Землетрясение на Камчатке повредило базу подводных лодок РФ". Gordonua.
27. (5 August 2025). "Tsunami Damages Russian Nuclear Submarine Base".
28. (1 November 2025). "Russian Armed Forces Structure – Ground Forces".
29. "Eastern Military District".
30. (23 April 2022). "Institute for the Study of War".
31. "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment".
32. "Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 16.04.2025 No. 228".
33. [https://i.imgur.com/I9BJnAr.jpg Imgur] imgur.com
34. Muraviev, Alexey D.. (2023). "Battle Reading the Russian Pacific Fleet 2023-2030 p. 7".
35. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (12 March 2025). "Russia, China and Iranian Warships Drilling Together in Gulf of Oman".
36. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (23 August 2024). "Russian Cruiser, Frigate Return from 7-Month Deployment to Middle East".
37. "Russian Flotilla Enters Indian Ocean – SeaWaves Magazine".
38. (20 April 2020). "Russian Navy Slava-class Cruiser Moskva to Return in Service in May".
39. "Rondeli Russian Military Digest: Issue 81, 29 March - 9 May 2021".
40. Van Lokeren, Frederik. (12 January 2026). "Russian Naval Operations - Weekly Situation Report - Week 03/2025".
41. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (23 August 2024). "Russian Cruiser, Frigate Return from 7-Month Deployment to Middle East".
42. "Some 20 Russian Pacific Fleet ships begin exercise in Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk".
43. "Upgraded frigate enters service with Russian Pacific Fleet's constant alert forces".
44. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (15 August 2025). "Russia, China's Annual Joint Pacific Patrol Underway".
45. (26 November 2023). "Russian Warships Arrive in India".
46. "Russian forces in the Mediterranean - Wk44/2022".
47. "Russian forces in the Mediterranean - Wk21/2022".
48. "Russian forces in the Mediterranean - Wk09/2022".
49. (10 December 2020). ""Удалой» фрегат: тихоокеанские рубежи защитит корабль с «Цирконами"". Известия.
50. (30 March 2022). "Russia to upgrade submarine Irkutsk and destroyer Admiral Vinogradov in 2022". Navyrecognition.com.
51. "СМИ узнали о новых возможностях "Адмирала Виноградова" после превращения во фрегат".
52. (8 October 2024). "Russian and Chinese ships conduct joint drills in Pacific, news agencies report".
53. "Russian Navy kicks off large-scale drills in Pacific".
54. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (12 March 2025). "Russia, China and Iranian Warships Drilling Together in Gulf of Oman".
55. "Russia's biggest naval vessels are out at sea". The Independent Barents Observer.
56. (9 September 2025). "US Ally Intercepts Russian Navy Missile Cruiser Near Territory".
57. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (15 July 2024). "Joint Chinese, Russian Naval Drills Start in South China Sea".
58. (12 March 2021). "Russian Navy Pacific Fleet conducts live firing exercise including six warships".
59. "Newly-built corvette Aldar Tsydenzhapov joins Russia's Pacific Fleet".
60. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (12 March 2025). "Russia, China and Iranian Warships Drilling Together in Gulf of Oman".
61. (18 September 2023). "Russia Navy commissions corvette Rezkiy in Vladivostok".
62. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (12 March 2025). "Russia, China and Iranian Warships Drilling Together in Gulf of Oman".
63. (14 April 2022). "Russian Steregushchiy class corvette Rezky starts sea trials". Navy Recognition.
64. "Amur Shipyard Begins Mooring Trials of Project 20380 Rezkiy – SeaWaves Magazine".
65. (26 October 2024). "The Russian Navy's corvette Gremyashchiy launched a Kalibr missile against a coastal target in the Pacific".
66. "New Pacific Fleet Trio Visits Manila on Delivery Voyage – SeaWaves Magazine".
67. Grotnik, Tomasz. (24 June 2024). "Russia launches second Gremyashchy-class corvette".
68. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (30 July 2024). "Chinese, Russian Warships Sail Around Japanese Islands".
69. (11 March 2022). "Japan Again Raises Concern over 10 Warship Russian Navy Surface Group".
70. "Primorsky Flotilla Trains in Avacha Bay – SeaWaves Magazine".
71. "Russian Ships Train off Kamchatka – SeaWaves Magazine".
72. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (30 July 2024). "Chinese, Russian Warships Sail Around Japanese Islands".
73. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (1 October 2024). "9 Russian, Chinese Warships on Joint Patrol in the Northwest Pacific After Major Naval Exercise".
74. Feng, John. (26 March 2024). "US Ally Shadows Russian and Chinese Navy Ships".
75. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (1 October 2024). "9 Russian, Chinese Warships on Joint Patrol in the Northwest Pacific After Major Naval Exercise".
76. "JMSDF Lists Russian Warships in Nearby Waters – SeaWaves Magazine".
77. (16 January 2025). "Russian Navy's Grisha-Class Corvette Neutralizes Naval Drones in Pacific Fleet Exercises".
78. Suciu, Peter. (9 October 2024). "Russia's New Karakurt-class Corvette: A 'Cruise Missile Carrying Beast'".
79. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (1 October 2024). "9 Russian, Chinese Warships on Joint Patrol in the Northwest Pacific After Major Naval Exercise".
80. (25 May 2021). "Pacific fleet receives new warships, submarines - Part 1".
81. (6 August 2019). "Russia's Nanuchka III-class Corvette 'Smerch' Upgraded with new Missiles & Gun".
82. "The small missile ship of the Pacific Fleet Iney conducted rocket and artillery firing in the Sea of Japan : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation".
83. (16 February 2020). "Russia to Upgrade All Pacific Fleet's Project 1234 Nanuchka III-class Corvettes".
84. "Small Missile Ships - Project 1234".
85. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (30 July 2024). "Chinese, Russian Warships Sail Around Japanese Islands".
86. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (30 July 2024). "Chinese, Russian Warships Sail Around Japanese Islands".
87. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (23 August 2022). "14 Russian Warships Enter Sea of Japan Ahead of Major Military Exercises".
88. "JMSDF Monitors Passage of Russian Flotilla – SeaWaves Magazine".
89. (25 July 2025). "The Russian Navy's Pacific Fleet conducted anti-ship and cruise missile launch exercises in the Sea of Japan".
90. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (23 August 2024). "Russian Cruiser, Frigate Return from 7-Month Deployment to Middle East".
91. (25 July 2025). "The Russian Navy's Pacific Fleet conducted anti-ship and cruise missile launch exercises in the Sea of Japan".
92. Feng, John. (11 March 2024). "Russian Warship Simulates Missile Strike on 'Enemy,' Navy Says".
93. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (20 June 2022). "Chinese, Russian Warships Active Near Japan Ahead of RIMPAC 2022".
94. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (20 June 2022). "Chinese, Russian Warships Active Near Japan Ahead of RIMPAC 2022".
95. (29 October 2024). "БДК "Ослябя" провел учения у Курильских островов". flot.com.
96. (28 October 2024). "БДК «Ослябя» Тихоокеанского флота провел учение по организации обороны на незащищенном рейде в районе Курильских островов". [[Ministry of Defence (Russia).
97. [https://function.mil.ru/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12405738@egNews Вблизи Владивостока экипаж большого десантного корабля «Ослябя» ТОФ отработал погрузку военной техники способом на упор] mil.ru 28 January 2022
98. "Large landing shipsof the Pacific Fleet conducted artillery firing in the waters of the Sea of Okhotsk : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation".
99. (24 February 2025). "Большой десантный корабль «Адмирал Невельской» Тихоокеанского флота провёл учение по высадке морского десанта". [[Russian Ministry of Defence]].
100. (18 February 2025). "Десантный корабль «Адмирал Невельской» выполнил артиллерийские стрельбы в Японском море". paluba.media.
101. "Russian Pacific Fleet warships wipe out enemy command post in Sea of Okhotsk drills".
102. (17 May 2024). "Три БДК Тихоокеанского флота отработали погрузку и выгрузку бронетехники". [[Russian Ministry of Defence]].
103. (20 August 2024). "Большой десантный корабль "Пересвет" зашёл в чукотский порт Эгвекинот". prochukotku.ru.
104. (9 April 2024). "Корабли Тихоокеанского флота учились отражать атаку беспилотников". korabel.ru.
105. (6 November 2024). "БДК «Николай Вилков» провел учение по противодействию безэкипажным катерам на незащищенном рейде". portnews.ru.
106. "Air-Cavity Landing Craft Project 11770 Serna".
107. (15 December 2020). "Russian Borei-class SSBN 'Vladimir Monomakh' Fires Salvo of 4 Bulava SLBM".
108. "На Камчатке торжественно встретили моряков подводного ракетоносца "Александр Невский" : Министерство обороны Российской Федерации".
109. (29 September 2022). "Two new Russian nuclear powered submarines arrive at home". Navy Naval News Navy Recognition.
110. "Новые атомные подлодки "Князь Олег" и "Новосибирск" приняли в состав ВМФ России".
111. (21 December 2021). "Sevmash hands over two nuclear subs to the navy".
112. (16 October 2023). "Russian nuclear submarine SSBN Generalissimo Suvorov arrives at permanent base in Kamchatka".
113. "Nuclear submarine armed with Bulava missiles joins Russian Navy — defense chief".
114. (January 2023). "Project 955A Generalissimo Suvorov at Temporary Home of Severomorsk".
115. "Work to make Russian Navy more powerful to be continued — Putin".
116. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (1 October 2024). "9 Russian, Chinese Warships on Joint Patrol in the Northwest Pacific After Major Naval Exercise".
117. Podvig, Pavel. (2024-09-16). "Imperator Alexander III transferred to the Pacific Fleet". Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces.
118. (19 April 2023). "Экипаж атомной подлодки "Томск" отработал уничтожение авианосной группы".
119. (19 July 2022). "Three Russian nuclear-powered submarines return to Kamchatka from Pacific missions". Navy Naval News Navy Recognition.
120. (28 August 2024). "Russia Submarine Capabilities".
121. (28 August 2024). "Russia Submarine Capabilities".
122. (2022-04-29). "Russian Antey class submarine Irkutsk may be back in service in 2023". Navyrecognition.com.
123. "Project 949A Irkutsk, in Refit Since 2001, May Return to Service in 2022 – SeaWaves Magazine".
124. "RFS Omsk Returns to Kamchatka – SeaWaves Magazine".
125. (19 September 2022). "Russian nuclear powered subs launch missiles during Arctic expedition". Navy Naval News Navy Recognition.
126. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (1 October 2024). "9 Russian, Chinese Warships on Joint Patrol in the Northwest Pacific After Major Naval Exercise".
127. (2024-09-16). "Атомоходы "Император Александр III" и "Красноярск" осуществили подледный переход в Арктике".
128. Nilsen, Thomas. (23 August 2025). "Nuclear-powered multi-purpose submarine Perm heads out for sea trials".
129. Nilsen, Thomas. (23 August 2025). "Nuclear-powered multi-purpose submarine Perm heads out for sea trials".
130. (27 January 2022). "Russian Navy to receive Project 09852 submarine Belgorod in summer".
131. Larson, Caleb. (26 June 2025). "Belgorod: Russia Has a Nuclear Submarine Armed with a 'Nuclear Drone'".
132. (8 July 2022). "World's longest nuclear submarine handed over to the Russian Navy".
133. "Belgorod nuclear sub begins its first sea trials — source".
134. "Belgorod nuclear submarine carrier with Poseidon nuke drones to serve in Pacific — source".
135. (2 October 2020). "Russian Akula-class Submarine 'Magadan' to be Operational Again in 2022".
136. "Large submarines - Project 877, 636".
137. Muraviev, Alexey D. (2025). "Moscow's Pacific Trident: The submarine arm of the Russian Pacific Fleet, early 2025 to 2030".
138. Muraviev, Alexey D. (2025). "Moscow's Pacific Trident: The submarine arm of the Russian Pacific Fleet, early 2025 to 2030".
139. (24 March 2020). "First modernized Akula attack submarine returns to Northern Fleet".
140. (16 September 2020). "Analysis: Latest Russian Navy contracts offer development conclusions".
141. Muraviev, Alexey D. (2025). "Moscow's Pacific Trident: The submarine arm of the Russian Pacific Fleet, early 2025 to 2030".
142. Muraviev, Alexey D. (2025). "Moscow's Pacific Trident: The submarine arm of the Russian Pacific Fleet, early 2025 to 2030".
143. Muraviev, Alexey D. (2025). "Moscow's Pacific Trident: The submarine arm of the Russian Pacific Fleet, early 2025 to 2030".
144. (26 November 2019). "Russia's Pacific Fleet Commissions First Improved Kilo-class / Project 636.3 Submarine".
145. "Latest diesel-electric sub built for Russian Pacific Fleet arrives in Vladivostok".
146. (2024-12-20). "Подводная лодка "Уфа" и буксир "Алатау" завершили межфлотский переход с Балтики во Владивосток".
147. Lokeren, Van. (30 June 2025). "Russian Naval Operations - Weekly Situation Report - Week 27/2025".
148. (29 November 2023). "Admiralty Shipyards Delivered Project Submarine 636.3 Mozhaisk".
149. (5 September 2023). "Project 636.3 Mozhaysk on Trials".
150. (2025-06-11). "На Адмиралтейских верфях состоялась церемония передачи ВМФ подлодки «Якутск» – Коммерсантъ Санкт-Петербург".
151. "Seagoing minesweepers - Project 266M".
152. (8 February 2022). "Pacific Fleet's ships conduct air defense drills in Russia's Far East".
153. (8 February 2022). "Pacific Fleet's ships conduct air defense drills in Russia's Far East".
154. "Coastal minesweeper - Project 1265".
155. "Two tactical groups of ships of the Pacific Fleet practicing planned tasks of combat training in the Sea of Japan : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation".
156. (11 September 2024). "Russian Pacific Fleet minesweepers practice mine countermeasures in Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk as part of Ocean 2024 exercise".
157. (11 September 2024). "Russian Pacific Fleet minesweepers practice mine countermeasures in Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk as part of Ocean 2024 exercise".
158. (26 April 2023). "Large-scale amphibious landing exercise held in Primorye".
159. (11 September 2024). "Russian Pacific Fleet minesweepers practice mine countermeasures in Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk as part of Ocean 2024 exercise".
160. (11 September 2024). "Russian Pacific Fleet minesweepers practice mine countermeasures in Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk as part of Ocean 2024 exercise".
161. (11 September 2024). "Russian Pacific Fleet minesweepers practice mine countermeasures in Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk as part of Ocean 2024 exercise".
162. (22 May 2025). "Russia's Pacific Fleet minehunters".
163. (25 December 2020). "Project 12700 Alexandrite-class minesweeper Yakov Balyayev completes shipbuilder sea trials".
164. (22 May 2025). "Russia's Pacific Fleet minehunters".
165. (22 May 2025). "Russia's Pacific Fleet minehunters".
166. "Project 12700 Pyotr Ilyichev Under Tow for Pacific Fleet Via Arctic – SeaWaves Magazine".
167. (July 2025). ["Mine Defense Ship Pyotr Ilyichev on Sea Trials – SeaWaves Magazine"](https://seawaves.com/?p=17500}}{{Dead link).
168. (29 April 2021). "Russia' Sredne-Nevsky shipyard launches Petr Ilyichev minesweeper".
169. "Тральщик "Пётр Ильичёв" пополнил состав Тихоокеанского флота".
170. (22 May 2025). "Russia's Pacific Fleet minehunters".
171. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (18 September 2025). "Russian, Chinese Warships Increase Operations Near Japan".
172. "Three combat ships join Russia's Navy in special ceremony Dec 29".
173. (15 November 2022). "Russian Alexandrite class minesweeper Anatoly Shlemov starts factory trials".
174. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (18 September 2025). "Russian, Chinese Warships Increase Operations Near Japan".
175. (29 July 2024). "Polar Power: how the icebreaking fleet of the Russian Navy is developing".
176. [https://structure.mil.ru/structure/forces/navy/news/more.htm?id=12409493@egNews Военный ледокол ТОФ ликвидировал 15 квадратных километров ледового поля в Авачинской бухте на Камчатке] mil.ru 18 February 2022
177. "Anti-saboteur boats - Project 21980".
178. "ЦАМТО / / Командующий ТОФ адмирал Сергей Авакянц сообщил об основных программах модернизации Тихоокеанского флота".
179. (24 July 2017). "Vishnya-class Intelligence Ship Karelia rejoined the Russian Pacific Fleet".
180. Chan, Ryan. (15 January 2026). "Russian Spy Ship Sails Around US Ally’s Strategic Islands".
181. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (11 February 2025). "Chinese, Russian Surveillance Assets Linger off Japan".
182. (19 January 2023). "US Coast Coast monitors Russia Navy spy ship Kareliya near Hawaii".
183. "ТОФ возвращает в строй СРЗК "Карелия"(фото)".
184. "Rondeli Russian Military Digest: Issue 83, 24 May - 30 May 2021".
185. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (15 August 2025). "Russia, China's Annual Joint Pacific Patrol Underway".
186. Dangwal, Ashish. (12 November 2024). "Russia's "Notorious" Nuke-Powered Yasen-Class Submarine Spotted Near Japanese Waters For The First Time".
187. "Russian Navy ships deployed in the Pacific for drills".
188. (25 September 2018). "Modernization of Russian navy tracking ship Marshal Krylov completed".
189. Feng, John. (17 June 2024). "US Ally Captures Chinese and Russian Ship Positions".
190. "Project 141 Mooring-buoy tenders".
191. Chan, Ryan. (8 October 2025). "US Ally Shadows Russian Navy in Pacific".
192. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (23 August 2024). "Russian Cruiser, Frigate Return from 7-Month Deployment to Middle East".
193. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (15 July 2024). "Joint Chinese, Russian Naval Drills Start in South China Sea".
194. Mahadzir, Dzirhan. (12 March 2025). "Russia, China and Iranian Warships Drilling Together in Gulf of Oman".
195. (8 July 2022). "Russian Ships Transit Tsushima Strait, Continue to Circle Japan").
196. "Medium seagoing tanker - Type Dubna".
197. "Vladivostok base welcomes home Russian Navy ships returning from massive Pacific drills".
198. (9 December 2020). "Is a Russia-India Navy Alliance Brewing?".
199. "Medium seagoing tanker - Project 577".
200. "Russian destroyer Admiral Panteleev trains with Ka-27PS helicopter in East China Sea". Navy Recognition.
201. "Medium seagoing tanker - Project 160".
202. "Hydrographic survey vessel - Project 862".
203. Muraviev, Alexey D. (2025). "Moscow's Pacific Trident: The submarine arm of the Russian Pacific Fleet, early 2025 to 2030".
204. (24 January 2023). "Icebraker Yevpaty Kolovrat to go to Kamchatka". Navy Recognition.
205. "Floating workshops - Project 304".
206. Muraviev, Alexey D. (2025). "Moscow's Pacific Trident: The submarine arm of the Russian Pacific Fleet, early 2025 to 2030".
207. Muraviev, Alexey D. (2025). "Moscow's Pacific Trident: The submarine arm of the Russian Pacific Fleet, early 2025 to 2030".
208. Muraviev, Alexey D.. (2023). "Battle Reading the Russian Pacific Fleet 2023-2030 p. 8".
209. link. brinkster.com
210. [[Air Forces Monthly]], August 2007 issue.
211. (23 December 2020). "Russian Navy Pacific Fleet receives one upgraded MiG-31BM fighter aircraft".
212. Michael Holm, [http://www.ww2.dk/new/air%20force/regiment/iap/865iap.htm 865th Fighter Aviation Regiment PVO]
213. (21 February 2019). "Сядут на Камчатке: на Дальнем Востоке развернут авиаполк МиГ-31". Известия.
214. "Russian Military Transformation Tracker: Issue 1, August 2018-July 2019".
215. "Russia deploys its super-fast MiG-31 interceptor aircraft in Chukotka".
216. (19 December 2019). "Russia's top General indirectly confirms Arctic deployment of the unstoppable Kinzhal missile".
217. (29 June 2021). ""Сухой" климат Камчатки: на полуострове разместят маневренные Су-35".
218. "Russia Conducts Anti-Submarine Warfare Exercise in Asia".
219. (20 May 2020). "Russian Navy Pacific Fleet to receive three ships armed with Kalibr cruise missiles".
220. "Ilyushin Unveils Il-38 ASW Upgrade for Russian Navy".
221. Muraviev, Alexey D.. (2023). "Battle Reading the Russian Pacific Fleet 2023-2030 p. 8".
222. Muraviev, Alexey D.. (2023). "Battle Reading the Russian Pacific Fleet 2023-2030 p. 8".
223. (15 July 2021). "Russia fighters intercept US strategic bombers over Bering Sea".
224. Muraviev, Alexey D.. (2023). "Battle Reading the Russian Pacific Fleet 2023-2030 p. 6".
225. (January 2019). "The Renewed Backfire Bomber Threat to the U.S. Navy".
226. "Russia to Set up Heavy Bomber Division to Patrol Japan, Hawaii, and Guam".
227. "Russian warplanes drill skills of hitting enemy targets during exercise in Pacific".
228. Muraviev, Alexey D.. (2023). "Battle Reading the Russian Pacific Fleet 2023-2030 pp. 20-21".
229. (March 2018). "Russia's Military Posture: Ground Forces Order of Battle".
230. "Rondeli Russian Military Digest: Issue 86, 14 June - 20 June 2021".
231. "Over 20 upgraded T-80BV tanks arrive for Russian Pacific Fleet's coastal defense troops".
232. Muraviev, Alexey D.. (2023). "Battle Reading the Russian Pacific Fleet 2023-2030 p. 20".
233. Axe, David. "Russian Marines Are Getting Killed And Wounded By The Hundreds In Ukraine".
234. (6 November 2022). "Russian 155th Guards Naval Infantry Brigade Members Issue Plea to Governor, Primosrky Krai".
235. "Russian Pacific Fleet's marines participating in Ukraine special operation, says commander".
236. (28 March 2022). "'Guards' title for Russia's two naval brigades for protecting Fatherland".
237. (10 September 2025). "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, September 10, 2025".
238. (1 December 2025). "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, December 1, 2025".
239. (1 December 2025). "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, December 1, 2025".
240. (4 February 2021). "Нужен берег чукотский: северо-восток России защитит новая дивизия". Известия.
241. Muraviev, Alexey D.. (2023). "Battle Reading the Russian Pacific Fleet 2023-2030 p. 21".
242. (16 January 2018). "Russian Navy strengthens its coastal missile brigades with BAL and BASTION systems".
243. (7 December 2022). "Russia deploys Bastion coastal missile systems in Kuril islands near Japan". Navy Recognition.
244. "Russian Bastion coastal defense missile systems go on combat alert on Kuril Islands".
245. (7 January 2018). "Побережье России прикрыли "ракетные монстры"". Известия.
246. "Russian Military Forces: Interactive Map".
247. Muraviev, Alexey D.. (2023). "Battle Reading the Russian Pacific Fleet 2023-2030 p. 21".
248. (14 January 2021). "Russian Navy deploys new coastal missile brigade equipped with Bal and Bastion missile systems".