Ovda Airbase

History

Operation Uvda

In March 1949 – 8 km northwest to the current base – the temporary Abraham Airfield (Sde Avraham, ) was set up during Operation Uvda to secure the southern Negev against Jordan shortly before the end of the First Arab–Israeli War.

Ouvda-mars-1949 english.png|Map of Operation Uvda in 1949 with a temporary airfield in the southern Negev desert Sde Avraham.jpg|Piper PA-11 Cub Special planes on temporary Abraham Airfield (Sde Avraham) during Operation Uvda PikiWiki Israel 6325 golani 1949.jpg|The IDF Golani Brigade during Operation Uvda on 9 March 1949 Raising the Ink Flag at Umm Rashrash (Eilat).jpg|The Ink Flag is raised at Umm Rashrash (Eilat) on 10 March 1949, marking the end of the First Arab–Israeli War

Airbase and airport

In 1981 Ovda (Uvda) was opened as a military airbase (together with Nevatim and Ramon Airbase) – a replacement for the Etzion Airbase and three others on the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt, abandoned after the Camp David Accords (see map below).

Camp David, Menachem Begin, Anwar Sadat, 1978.jpg|The then presidents Anwar Sadat, Jimmy Carter and Prime Minister Menachem Begin (left to right) at Camp David (USA) in Sept. 1978 Sinai-Airbases.png|Abandoned IAF bases on the Sinai Peninsula (red) and newly estab­lished bases in southern Israel (blue)

From 1982 onwards it was also used as Ovda Airport for civil charter flights and from 1988 to 2019 for regular scheduled flights by holidaymakers from Europe who wanted to get to the seaside resort of Eilat on the Gulf of Aqaba.

Ovda Airport.jpg|The first terminal of Eilat-Ovda Airport in 2006 Ovda Terminal.jpg|The new terminal of Ovda Airport, which was closed again on 31 March 2019

On 31 March 2019, the civilian part was closed, because the new Ramon Airport had now gone into operation, which is also much closer to Eilat.

Aggressor Squadron

In March 2005, the 115 Aggressor Squadron "Flying Dragon" was brought back to life on Ovda. At this point it was flying both F-16A/B Netz jets and AH-1 Cobra Tzefa attack helicopters. Their task is or was to simulate enemy jet or helicopter attacks and especially their tactics in order to create the most realistic scenario possible in real combat. The squadron also includes a surface-to-air unit that simulates enemy air defense systems.

The squadron is not intended for operational missions, although the pilots are trained fighter pilots and the jets are operational machines. Similar to the USAF, the squadron also offers this training service to other nations.

IAIKfir010.jpg|An IAI Kfir C.1 jet from the 1970/80s at the main gate of the airbase Squadron 115 of Israel Air Force 281.jpg|An older F-16A Netz of 115 Squadron "Flying Dragon" in 2013 Dargot 28062011 AH-1 (remix).jpg|A now retired AH-1 Cobra Tzefa attack helicopter of the IAF IAF Squadron 115 second variant.jpg|Older badge of 115 Squadron "Flying Dragon"

In 2013, all AH-1 Cobra attack helicopters of the IAF were decommissioned, including those based at Ovda. In April 2017, the Aggressor Squadron's older F-16A/B jets were replaced with newer used F-16C/D Barak.

Blue Flag

Since 2013, the international military aviation exercise Blue Flag has taken place on Ovda every two years in the fall, for which several Western countries send their pilots and fighter jets to Israel, where they undergo intensive training, which also includes the 115 Squadron "Flying Dragon" of the IAF with its role as aggressor. In addition to the air forces directly involved, numerous observers from other countries are also regularly present.

Today

For the first time in its history, the IAF appointed its first female commander of an air force base at Ovda Airbase in March 2024.

In mid-May 2025, the IAF announced that the 115 Squadron "Flying Dragon" at Ovda had been closed down and its jets and personnel transferred to active operational squadrons at other military airbases. The reason given was that this had become necessary due to changes in the combat arenas. In the future, even greater emphasis will be placed on the further development and deployment of simulators in which the IAF will train air combat. The operational squadrons will also take over this task among themselves.

Since there are no longer any fighter jets stationed there, Ovda Airbase currently has sixty empty hardened aircraft shelters (HAS). Why these are not being used is unknown. At the end of August 2025, the base was reopened as a joint training center for air and ground troops. This is the first time that the IDF and IAF have operated a base together. The establishment of this training center was one of the lessons learned from the Hamas attack on 7 October 2023.

When the Houthis began firing rockets from Yemen into Israel after 7 October 2023, a battery of Arrow anti-missiles was relocated to Ovda after the facilities had been modified accordingly. The launch sites are located in the southern part of the airbase (see Google Maps: ).

Units

• 115 Aggressor Squadron "Flying Dragon" – operating F-16C/D Barak – closed down in mid-May 2025
• Battery of Arrow missiles (not known whether Arrow 2 or 3)
• IAF Ground Staff School
• IAF Officers' School
• Joint training center for IDF and IAF

Squadron 115, January 2021 (85015).jpg|An F-16C Barak of the 115 Aggressor Squadron "Flying Dragon" in January 2021 Blue Flag 2021 (88705).jpg|Two Israeli pilots in front of their F-16C jets of 115 Squadron "Flying Dragon" at Ovda in October 2021 IAF Squadron 115.png|Last badge of 115 Squadron "Flying Dragon" Arrow2launcher.jpg|A mobile Arrow 2 launcher

Note: IAF aircraft can usually be assigned to their squadron by the symbols on the tail

References

References

1. "Ovda (Uvda / Ouvda) – Israel Airfields".
2. (1982-04-25). "The IDF completes the evacuation of Sinai".
3. "Eilat Ramon Airport Guide".
4. Pfeffer, Anshel. (2010-09-19). "Flying Dragons simulate the enemy for Israel Air Force pilots". Haaretz.
5. Aloni, Shlomo. (2010-09-01). "Israeli Reds". Air Forces Monthly.
6. (2017-08-08). "IAF Grounds Apache Fleet after Fatal Crash".
7. (2017-04-04). "The "Red" Squadron has Integrated the "Barak"".
8. (2017-11-09). "Cooperation over competition: Eight nations fly in Israel's largest-ever air drill".
9. "For first time in Israel’s history, IDF appoints woman commander of Air Force base".
10. (2025-05-13). "Drama in the Air Force: The IDF closed the Red Squadron ahead of an attack on Iran".
11. (2025-08-27). "IDF inaugurates 1st joint air and ground forces base, implementing lessons learned on Oct. 7".