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Outline of emergency medicine

Medical specialty that treats patients who require immediate medical attention

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See Wikipedia: Outlines and Wikipedia:WikiProject Outlines for more details. Further improvements to this outline are on the way ...-- The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to emergency medicine:

Emergency medicine – medical specialty involving care for undifferentiated, unscheduled patients with acute illnesses or injuries that require immediate medical attention. While not usually providing long-term or continuing care, emergency physicians undertake acute investigations and interventions to resuscitate and stabilize patients. Emergency physicians generally practice in hospital emergency departments, pre-hospital settings via emergency medical services, and intensive care units.

Presentations

Abdominal pain
Altered level of consciousness
Back pain
Chest pain
Coma
Confusion
Constipation
Cyanosis
Diarrhea
Dizziness
Dyspnea
Fever
Gastrointestinal bleeding
Headache
Hemoptysis
Jaundice
Nausea and vomiting
Pelvic pain
Seizure
Sore throat
Syncope
Testicular pain
Vaginal bleeding
Vertigo
Weakness

Types of emergencies

Listed below are conditions that constitute a possible medical emergency and may require immediate first aid, emergency room care, surgery, or care by a physician or nurse. Not all medical emergencies are life-threatening; some conditions require medical attention in order to prevent significant and long-lasting effects on physical or mental health.

Blood

Anemia
Polycythemia
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Children

Croup
Limp

Endocrine

Acid base disorder
Diabetes mellitus
Rhabdomyolysis
Thyroid storm
Adrenal crisis
Addisonian crisis
Dehydration
Diabetic coma
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
- Hypoglycemic coma
Electrolyte disturbance
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hypercalcemic crisis
Lactic acidosis
Malnutrition and starvation
Pheochromocytoma

Environmental

Accidental hypothermia
Drowning
Electric shock and lightning injuries
Frostbite
Heat illness
Radiation injuries
Scuba diving hazards and dysbarism

Eyes

Acute angle-closure glaucoma
Giant-cell arteritis
Orbital perforation or penetration
Retinal detachment

Gastrointestinal

Appendicitis
Biliary colic
Cholecystitis
Gastroenteritis
Small bowel obstruction
Crohn's disease
Peritonitis

Genitourinary

Acute prostatitis
Paraphimosis
Priapism
Testicular torsion
Urinary retention
Kidney failure
Sexually transmitted infection

Heart and blood vessels

Acute coronary syndrome
Air embolism (arterial)
Aortic aneurysm (ruptured)
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Aortic dissection
Bleeding
- Internal bleeding
Hypovolemia
Cardiac arrest
Cardiac arrhythmia
- Ventricular fibrillation
- Supraventricular tachycardia
Cardiac tamponade
Deep vein thrombosis
Heart block
Heart failure
Hypertensive emergency
Infectious endocarditis
Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
Myocarditis
Pericarditis
Peripheral vascular disease
Pulmonary embolism
Valvular heart disease

Infectious disease

HIV/AIDS
Cellulitis
Necrotizing fasciitis
Osteomyelitis
Rabies
Sepsis
Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection
Septic arthritis
Tuberculosis
Meningitis
Cholera
Ear infection
Gas gangrene
Lyme disease
Malaria
Neutropenic sepsis
Salmonella poisoning

Inflammatory

Allergy
Anaphylaxis
Arthritis
Bursitis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Vasculitis

Injury

Abdominal trauma
Nose bleed
Appendicitis
Ballistic trauma (gunshot wound)
Bite
Blunt trauma
Bone fracture
Burns
Chest trauma
Child abuse
Domestic abuse
Facial trauma
Flail chest
Foreign body
Fulminant colitis
Head injury
Hyperthermia (including heat stroke or sunstroke)
- Malignant hyperthermia
Hypothermia or frostbite
Intestinal obstruction
Pancreatitis
Peritonitis
Polytrauma
Ruptured spleen
Sexual assault
Spinal disc herniation
Spinal injury
Sensorineural hearing loss
Traumatic brain injury
Wound

Lungs and airway

Agonal breathing
Asphyxia
- Angioedema
- Choking
- Drowning
- Smoke inhalation
Asthma
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Epiglottitis
Pleurisy
Pneumonia
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary embolism
Respiratory failure
Upper respiratory infection

Nephrology

Acute kidney injury

Nervous system

Spinal-cord injury
Cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
Delirium
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Seizures
- Status epilepticus
- Epilepsy
Serotonin syndrome
Status migrainosus
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Subdural hematoma

Pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancy
Eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia
- HELLP syndrome
Fetal distress
Obstetrical bleeding
Placental abruption
Prolapsed cord
Puerperal sepsis
Shoulder dystocia
Uterine rupture

Psychiatric

Anxiety
Attempted suicide
Excited delirium
Homicidal ideation
Mood disorder
Psychomotor agitation
Psychotic episode
Somatoform disorder
Suicidal ideation
Thought disorder

Skin

Acute urticaria
Angioedema
Erythema multiforme major
Kasabach–Merritt syndrome
Toxic epidermal necrolysis

Toxicological

Overdose
- Acetaminophen overdose
- Aspirin overdose and other NSAIDs
Poisoning
Beta blocker toxicity
Calcium channel blocker toxicity
Ethylene glycol poisoning
Food poisoning

Gynecologic

Gynecologic hemorrhage
Ovarian torsion
Sexual assault (rape)

Emergency medical care

First aid
Golden hour
Triage

Critical care

Acute Care of at-Risk Newborns (ACoRN)
Airway management
Care of the Critically Ill Surgical Patient (CCrISP)
Mechanical ventilation
Shock
Resuscitation
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
- Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP)
- Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)
- Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS)
- Advanced Trauma Life Support(ATLS)

Life support

Basic life support (BLS)
Advanced life support
- Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS)
- Advanced trauma life support (ATLS)
  - ABC (medicine)
  - Pneumothorax
  - Pericardial tamponade
- Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS)

Environmental medicine

High altitude medicine
Travel medicine
Mass-gathering medicine

Branches of emergency medicine

Emergency medical services
Emergency nursing
Emergency psychiatry
International emergency medicine
Pediatric emergency medicine
Pre-hospital emergency medicine
Social emergency medicine

Contributory fields

Emergency medicine is multidisciplinary – due to the diversity of medical emergencies encountered, emergency medicine relies heavily upon the knowledge and procedures of many medical specialties, including:

Critical care medicine
Disaster medicine
Hospice care
Hyperbaric medicine
Pain management
Palliative care
Sports medicine
Ultrasound
Wilderness medicine

Emergency medical system

Emergency telephone number

Emergency medical services

Ambulance
Emergency medical dispatch
- Medical Priority Dispatch System (US)
- Computer-aided call handling (US)
- Advanced Medical Priority Dispatch System (UK)
Emergency medical technician
Paramedic

Emergency medical facilities

Emergency department
Poison control center
Trauma center

Emergency medical professionals

Emergency physician
Emergency nurse
Emergency medical technician
Paramedic

Tools and equipment

Emergency medical equipment

Bag valve mask (BVM)
Chest tube
Defibrillation (AED, ICD)
Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)
Intraosseous infusion (IO)
Intravenous therapy (IV)
Tracheal intubation
Laryngeal tube
Combitube
Nasopharyngeal airway (NPA)
Oropharyngeal airway (OPA)
Pocket mask

Drugs

Atropine
Amiodarone
Dopamine
Epinephrine / Adrenaline
Magnesium sulfate
Hydralazine

History

History of the ambulance
History of emergency medical services

Journals

Critical Care Medicine
Intensive Care Medicine
Military Medicine
Shock
Trauma
Academic Emergency Medicine
American Journal of Emergency Medicine
Annals of Emergency Medicine
Annals of Intensive Care
Critical Care Clinics
Emergency Medicine Australasia
Emergency Medicine Journal
Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine
Injury Prevention
Journal of Critical Care
Journal of Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock
Journal of Emergency Nursing
Journal of Injury and Violence Research
Journal of Intensive Care Medicine
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
Prehospital Emergency Care
The Journal of Emergency Medicine

Organizations

American Board of Emergency Medicine
American College of Emergency Physicians
American Osteopathic Board of Emergency Medicine
Asian Society for Emergency Medicine
Australasian College for Emergency Medicine
British Association for Immediate Care
Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians
Emergency Nurses Association
European Resuscitation Council
European Society of Emergency Medicine
International Federation for Emergency Medicine
International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation
Resuscitation Council
Royal College of Emergency Medicine

References

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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