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Orders of magnitude (voltage)

Comparison of a wide range of voltages

To help compare different orders of magnitude, the following list describes various voltage levels.

SI prefix	Factor (volt)	Value	Item
Micro-	10−7	500 nV	title=Synaptic transmission	url=http://wiki.cns.org/wiki/index.php/Synaptic_transmission	work=NeuroWiki	publisher=Congress of Neurological Surgeons	access-date=29 October 2011	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421114913/http://wiki.cns.org/wiki/index.php/Synaptic_transmission	archive-date=21 April 2012	url-status=dead}}
10−6	2 μV	Noise in an EEG taken at the scalp
Milli-	10−5	10–100 μV	Peak-to-peak amplitude of an average EEG taken at the scalp
15 μV	Minimum terrestrial digital-TV RF antenna signal (−85 dBm over 75 Ω)
56 μV	Minimum terrestrial analog-TV RF antenna signal (35 dB[μV])
10−4	500–1000 μV	Miniature endplate potentials, spontaneous fluctuations in neuron potentials
10−3	1–2 mV	Potential created at ambient temperatures from K Type Thermocouple
Centi-	10−2	~10–50 mV	Ripple voltage in the output of a good DC power supply
75 mV	Nerve cell resting potential
Deci-	10−1	320 mV	Typical voltage reference level in consumer audio electronics (0.316 V rms)
~500 mV	Typical MOSFET threshold voltage for modern processes{{cite journal	author = Ortiz-Conde, A.	display-authors=etal	title = A review of recent MOSFET threshold voltage extraction methods	journal = Microelectronics Reliability	volume = 42	issue=4–5	pages = 583–596	doi = 10.1016/S0026-2714(02)00027-6	year = 2002	id= p. 594
~700 mV	Forward voltage drop of normal silicon diodes
800–1000 mV	Typical positive supply voltage of a low voltage CMOS digital integrated circuit
900 mV	Lemon battery cell (made with copper and zinc electrodes)
N/A	100	0-3 V	Magnitudes of standard reduction potentials in chemistry
1.5 V	Alkaline battery AAAA, AAA, AA, C or D battery
3.3 V	One of the most common low voltage CMOS digital circuit supply voltages.
5 V	USB power, used for example to charge a cell phone or a digital camera. Also one of the most common digital circuit supply voltages for both TTL and CMOS technologies.
6 V	A common voltage for medium-size electric lanterns. A voltage for older electric systems of automobiles.
Deca-	101	12 V	Typical car battery
Hecto-	102	100–240 V	Domestic wall socket voltage
600 V	Electric eel sends this voltage in an average attack
630 V	London Underground railway tracks
Kilo-	103	2450 V	Electric chair execution in Nebraska
3–10 kV	Electric fence
3 kV	Voltage required to generate every 1mm of electric arc
3–35 kV	Accelerating voltage for a typical television cathode ray tube
4160-34,500 V	Typical voltages in North America for distribution of power from distribution substations to end users
104	15 kV	Train [15 kV AC railway electrification](15-kv-ac-railway-electrification) overhead lines, Hz
25 kV	European high-speed train overhead power lines
33 kV	Maximum voltage allowed in an electricity distribution grid after 1919 in the UK until 1926 (still used for heavy industry and factory overhead cable distribution systems){{Cite web	title = UK electricity networks	access-date = 5 April 2018	location = London	date = October 2001	work = Postnote 163	publisher = The Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology	pages = 1}}
69–230 kV	Range used in North American power high-voltage transmission substations
105	345–800 kV	Range used in EHV power transmission systems	url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6KbNBQAAQBAJ	year = 2014	page = 3,36}}
800 kV	Lowest voltage used by ultra-high voltage (UHV) power transmission systems
Mega-	106	3 MV	Used by the ultra-high voltage electron microscope at Osaka University
107	25.5 MV	The largest man-made DC voltage – produced in a Van de Graaff generator at Oak Ridge National Laboratoryhttp://www.osti.gov/bridge/purl.cover.jsp?purl=/6446725-T101Ai
108	100 MV	The potential difference between the ends of a typical lightning bolt
Peta-	1015	7 PV	Voltage around a particular energetic highly magnetized rotating neutron star
Ronna-	1027	1.04 RV	Planck voltage

SI multiple

Notes

References

"Synaptic transmission". Congress of Neurological Surgeons.
Epstein, Charles M.. "Home built EEG".
Ernst Neidermeyer. (1999). "Electroencephalography: basic principles, clinical applications, and related".
[http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~sahai/Presentations/Dyspan_2005_tutorial_part_I.pdf eecs.berkeley.edu - Spectrum Sensing, Fundamental Limits and Practical Challenges], page 82, 2005
[[Decibel#Voltage]] P=pow(10,-3)pow(10,(dBmW)/10) ; U=pow(RP,1/2) ; R=75 Ω ; pow(10,-3)pow(10,(-85)/10) = 3.162278 pW ; pow(75pow(10,-3)*pow(10,(-85)/10) , 1/2) = 15.400351 μV
[http://as76.net/en/dbc/booster.php as76.net - How to use the booster. (To see the terrestrial digital broadcasting beautifully.)] {{Webarchive. link. (2011-10-28 , 2011-12-01)
[http://www.maxim-ic.com/app-notes/index.mvp/id/808 maxim-ic.com - CATV dBm, dBmV, and dBμV Conversions - Tutorial - Maxim], 2002-07-17
[[Decibel#Voltage]] pow(10,-6)*pow(10,35/20) = 56 μV
"DC Power Supply Specifications". Radio-Electronics.Com.
Bullock, Orkand, and Grinnell, pp. 150–151; Junge, pp. 89–90; Schmidt-Nielsen, p. 484
"Pro Audio Reference D". AES.
"Diodes". The Electronics Club.
"Intel Xeon E3-1200v3 family datasheet, a typical LVCMOS chip".
"Lemon Battery". Hila Science Camp.
Nave, Rod. "Standard Electrode Potentials in Aqueous Solution at 25°C". Georgia State University.
David Linden, Thomas B. Reddy (ed). ''Handbook of Batteries'', 3rd edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2002 {{ISBN. 0-07-135978-8 chapter 4
"About USB-IF". USB Implementers Forum, Inc..
Eveready Battery Company. "EVR-1209 Engineering Data".
Horst Bauer ''Bosch Automotive Handbook 4th Edition'' Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart 1996 {{ISBN. 0-8376-0333-1, pages 803–807
"ita.doc.gov - Electric current abroad".
"Electrocution protocol questioned". Lincoln Journal Star.
http://www.clarkprosecutor.org/html/death/methods.htm {{Bare URL inline. (May 2022)
"Electric Fencing for Pastured Livestock". Soil & Crop Improvement Association of Nova Scotia.
"Voltage of a Television Picture Tube". The Physics Factbook.
"Electric Power eTool: Illustrated Glossary: Substations". Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
[http://www.transbay.info/Caltrain-Electrification/rolling.pdf Caltrain-Electrification Project]
Hannah, Leslie. (1979). "Electricity Before Nationalisation: A study of the development of the electricity supply industry in Britain to 1948". Macmillan.
"Definitions: E". Bonneville Power Administration.
"Definitions: TUV". Bonneville Power Administration.
"Features of 3 MV Ultrahigh voltage electron microscope".
"Voltage of a Lightning Bolt". The Physics Factbook.
(September 6, 2001). "Chandra Examines a Quadrillion-Volt Pulsar". Chandra X-ray Observatory Center.

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