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Operculum (brain)

Part of the anatomy of the brain

Operculum (brain)

Part of the anatomy of the brain

FieldValue
NameOperculum (brain)
Latinoperculum frontale, operculum parietale, operculum temporale
ImageOperculum.png
CaptionOperculum
Image2File:Human brain frontal (coronal) section description2.JPG
Caption2Parietal operculum (green), temporal operculum (blue), and insular cortex (brown), with red inset showing the position of the brain slice.

red:Brodmann area 41, green:Brodmann area 42, note 1: BA41 is bounded medially by Brodmann area 52 and laterally by BA42, note 2: pSTG is posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus ]]

In human brain anatomy, an operculum (Latin, meaning "little lid") (: opercula), may refer to the frontal, temporal, or parietal operculum, which together cover the insula as the opercula of insula. It can also refer to the occipital operculum, part of the occipital lobe.

The insular lobe is a portion of the cerebral cortex that has invaginated to lie deep within the lateral sulcus. It sits like an island (the meaning of insular) almost surrounded by the groove of the circular sulcus and covered over and obscured by the insular opercula.

A part of the parietal lobe, the frontoparietal operculum, covers the upper part of the insular lobe from the front to the back. The opercula lie on the precentral and postcentral gyri (on either side of the central sulcus). The part of the parietal operculum that forms the ceiling of the lateral sulcus functions as the secondary somatosensory cortex.

Development

Normally, the insular opercula begin to develop between the 20th and the 22nd weeks of pregnancy. At weeks 14 to 16 of fetal development, the insula begins to invaginate from the surface of the immature cerebrum of the brain, until at full term, the opercula completely cover the insula. This process is called opercularization.

Case reports

Albert Einstein's brain

Opinions differ on whether Albert Einstein's brain possessed parietal opercula. Falk, et al. claim that the brain actually did have parietal opercula, while Witelson et al. claim that it did not.

Einstein's lower parietal lobe (which is involved in mathematical thought, visuospatial cognition and imagery of movement) was 15% larger than average.

Notes

References

References

  1. {{harvnb. Dorland. 2012
  2. {{harvnb. Dorland. 2012
  3. (23 January 2009). "Localization of Clinical Syndromes in Neuropsychology and Neuroscience". Springer Publishing Company.
  4. Larroche JC. (August 1996). "Developmental Pathology of the Neonate". Excerpta Medica.
  5. Cheng-Yu Chen, Robert A. Zimmerman, Scott Faro, Beth Parrish, Zhiyue Wang, Larissa T. Bilaniuk, Ting-Ywan Chou. MR of the Cerebral Operculum. AJNR 16:1677–1687, Sep 1995 0195-6108/95/1608–1677 American Society of Neuroradiology
  6. {{harvnb. Falk. Lepore. Noe. 2013
  7. (June 1999). "The exceptional brain of Albert Einstein". Lancet.
  8. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070326211017/http://staff.washington.edu/sarawyck/Readings/brains.htm Witelson's measurement]
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