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Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant

Nuclear power plant in Obninsk, Russia (operates 1954–2002)

Field	Value
name	Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant
image	RIAN archive 409173 World's first nuclear power plant in Obninsk.jpg
image_caption	Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant Museum
location	Obninsk, Kaluga Oblast
country	Russia
coordinates
owner	Rosatom
operator	Energoatom
construction_began	1 January 1951
commissioned	26 June 1954
decommissioned	29 April 2002
np_reactor_type	AM-1
ps_cogeneration	Yes
ps_units_decommissioned	1 × 5 MW
status	D
ps_electrical_capacity	5

Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant (; ) was built in the "Science City" of Obninsk, Kaluga Oblast, about 110 km southwest of Moscow, Soviet Union. Connected to the power grid in June 1954, Obninsk was the first grid-connected nuclear power plant in the world, i.e. the first nuclear reactor that produced electricity industrially, albeit at small scale. It was located at the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering. The plant is also known as APS-1 Obninsk (Atomic Power Station 1 Obninsk). It remained in operation between 1954 and 2002. Its production of electricity for the grid ceased in 2002; thereafter it functioned as a research and isotope production plant only.

According to Lev Kotchetkov, who was there at the time: "Although utilisation of generated heat was going on, and production of isotopes was even enhanced, the main task was to carry out experimental studies on 17 test loops installed in the reactor." was later employed on a much larger scale in the RBMK reactors.

Design

The single reactor unit at the plant, AM-1 ("Атом Мирный", Atom Mirny, Russian for "Peaceful Atom"), had a total electrical capacity of 6 MW and a net capacity of around 5 MWe. Thermal output was 30 MW. It was a prototype design using a graphite moderator and water coolant. This reactor was a forerunner of the RBMK reactors.

The Obninsk reactor used 5% enriched uranium; this percentage would be lowered for subsequent reactors.

History

Construction started on 31 December 1950. First criticality was achieved on 2 May 1954, and the first grid connection was made on 27 June 1954. For around four years, until the opening of the Siberian Nuclear Power Station, Obninsk remained the only nuclear power reactor in the Soviet Union; the power plant remained active until 29 April 2002 when it was finally shut down. According to Kotchetkov, in its 48 years of operation there were no significant incidents resulting in personnel overdose or mortality, or radioactive release to the environment exceeding permissible limits.

The next Soviet nuclear power plant to be connected to their grid was Beloyarsk Unit 1 in 1964 with a capacity of 100 MWe.

References

[http://www.neimagazine.com/features/featureobninsk-number-one Nuclear Engineering International: Obninsk - number one, by Lev Kotchetkov] {{Webarchive. link. (2 November 2013 , who was there at the time. Source for most of the information in this article.)
Paul R. Josephson. (2005). "Red Atom: Russia's Nuclear Power Program from Stalin to Today". University of Pittsburgh Pre.
Ronald Allen Knief. (1992). "Nuclear engineering: theory and technology of commercial nuclear power". Hemisphere Pub. Corp..
(2011). "Nuclear Energy Encyclopedia: Science, Technology, and Applications". Wiley.
"Nuclear Power in Russia". [[World Nuclear Association]].
National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on End Points for Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste in Russia and the United States.. (2003). "End Points for spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste in Russia and the United States". National Academies Press.
International Atomic Energy Agency. (1968). "Nuclear Power Economics Vol II". International Atomic Energy Agency.
"APS-1 OBNINSK (Atomic Power Station 1 Obninsk)". IAEA.
(3 March 2014). "Nuclear Power Plants in Russia". Power Plants Around The World.
(2011). "Nuclear Energy Encyclopedia: Science, Technology, and Applications". Wiley.

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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