Nonclassic eicosanoid

Terminology

: "Eicosanoid" is the collective{{cite journal term for oxygenated derivatives of three different 20-carbon essential fatty acids—Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Arachidonic acid (AA) and Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA).

Current usage limits the term to the leukotrienes (LT) and three types of prostanoids—prostaglandins (PG) prostacyclins (PGI), and thromboxanes (TX). However, several other classes can technically be termed eicosanoid, including the eoxins, hepoxilins, resolvins, isofurans, isoprostanes, lipoxins, epi-lipoxins, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and endocannabinoids. LTs and prostanoids are sometimes termed 'classic eicosanoids' {{cite journal cite journal |vauthors=Anderle P, Farmer P, Berger A, Roberts MA |title=Nutrigenomic approach to understanding the mechanisms by which dietary long-chain fatty acids induce gene signals and control mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis doi=10.1016/j.nut.2003.09.018 in contrast to the 'novel', 'nonclassic' or 'eicosanoid-like' eicosanoids.{{ cite journal |author=Evans AR |title=Isoprostanes, novel eicosanoids that produce nociception and sensitize rat sensory neurons |journal=J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. |volume=293 |issue=3 |pages=912–20 |year=2000 |pmid=10869392 |name-list-style=vanc|author2=Junger H |author3=Southall MD |display-authors=3 |last4=Nicol |first4=GD |last5=Sorkin |first5=LS |last6=Broome |first6=JT |last7=Bailey |first7=TW |last8=Vasko |first8=MR}}

The classic eicosanoids are autocrine and paracrine mediators, active at micromolar concentrations (or lower), produced with high stereospecificity. They are produced from EFAs (chiefly AA) from either cyclooxygenase (COX) or 5-lipoxygenase.

Broadly, the nonclassic eicosanoids are the products of 20-carbon EFAs and |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208145938/http://www.cyberlipid.org/prost1/pros0001.htm |archive-date=2007-02-08 |url-status=dead

• Other oxygenation enzymes, (eoxins, hepoxilins, resolvins, lipoxins, epi-lipoxins, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs));
• Uncatalyzed oxygenation reactions, (isofurans, isoprostanes, phytoprostanes);
• Addition reactions other than oxygenation (endocannabinoids). Also included are
• Side products from the classic eicosanoid biosynthesis, (levuglandins, Oxoeicosanoids);
• Reactions between other fatty acids and these pathways (the COX products of pinolenic and mead acid).

References

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References

1. (2001). "Secretion of proinflammatory eicosanoid-like substances precedes allergen release from pollen grains in the initiation of allergic sensitization". Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol..
2. Sarau HM. (1999). "In vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization of SB 201993, an eicosanoid-like LTB4 receptor antagonist with anti-inflammatory activity". Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids.