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Nitrofen

Nitrofen is an herbicide of the diphenyl ether class. Because of concerns about its carcinogenicity, the use of nitrofen has been banned in the European Union and in the United States since 1996. It has been superseded by related protoporphyrinogen oxidase enzyme inhibitors including acifluorfen and fomesafen.

In 2002, Nitrofen was detected in organic feed, organic eggs, and organic poultry products in Germany prompting a scandal which caused a decline in all organic meat sales in Europe.

Nitrofen is an IARC Group 2B carcinogen, meaning it is "possibly carcinogenic to humans".

Microorganisms in sewage cometabolise nitrofen, trifluralin, fluchloralin and profluralin; i.e. enzymes from other active metabolic processes also break up these chemicals. Over 88 days, nitrofen levels reduced by 40% under aerobic conditions.

"Tok" was a commercial herbicide of nitrofen.

References

References

  1. [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0929.htm Nitrofen data sheet], INCHEM WHO/FAO report, March 1999.
  2. [http://www.pan-uk.org/pestnews/Issue/pn57/pn57p20a.htm Banned pesticide in German grain] {{Webarchive. link. (2016-03-04 , Pesticides News No. 57, September 2002, page 22)
  3. Pesticide Properties Database. "Nitrofen". University of Hertfordshire.
  4. [http://www.just-food.com/news/nitrofen-scandal-causes-organic-meat-sales-to-dip_id69439.aspx Nitrofen scandal causes organic meat sales to dip], Just Food, October 2, 2002.
  5. [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/jun/12/medicalscience.bse Organic scandal halts Germany's green revolution], by John Hooper, The Guardian, June 12, 2002.
  6. "IARC Monographs - Classifications - by Group".
  7. (November 1980). "Evidence for Cometabolism in Sewage". Applied and Environmental Microbiology.
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herbicides phenol-ethers 4-nitrophenyl-compounds chloroarenes iarc-group-2b-carcinogens group-14-herbicides
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