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Nigericin

Nigericin is an antibiotic derived from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Its isolation from soil from Nigeria was described in the 1950s, by R.L Harned (et. al), and in 1968 the structure could be elucidated by X-ray crystallography. The structure and properties of nigericin are similar to the antibiotic monensin. Commercially it is obtained as a byproduct, or contaminant, at the fermentation of geldanamycin. It is also called polyetherin A, azalomycin M, helixin C, antibiotic K178, and antibiotic X-464.

Nigericin acts as an H+, K+, Pb2+ ionophore. Most commonly it is an antiporter of H+ and K+.

In the past nigericin was used as an antibiotic active against gram positive bacteria. It inhibits the Golgi functions in Eukaryotic cells. Its ability to induce K+ efflux also makes it a potent activator of the NLRP3 inflammasome

References

(December 1951). "Nigericin a new crystalline antibiotic from an unidentified Streptomyces". Antibiotics & Chemotherapy (Northfield, Ill.).
(1966). "Alkali metal cation release and respiratory inhibition induced by nigericin in rat liver mitochondria". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A..
(1968). "The structure of nigericin". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun..
(9 March 2006). "Cryopyrin activates the inflammasome in response to toxins and ATP.". Nature.
(27 June 2013). "K⁺ efflux is the common trigger of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by bacterial toxins and particulate matter.". Immunity.

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antibiotics ionophores tetrahydrofurans tetrahydropyrans primary-alcohols lactols hemiketals vicinal-diols carboxylic-acids spiro-compounds ketals

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