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NATO reporting name

NATO code name for military equipment of purported opponents

NATO uses a system of code names, called reporting names, to denote military aircraft and other equipment used by post-Soviet states, former Warsaw Pact countries, China, and other countries. The system assists military communications by providing short, one- or two-syllable names, as alternatives to the precise proper names, which may be easily confused under operational conditions or are unknown in the Western world.

The assignment of reporting names is managed by the Five Eyes Air Force Interoperability Council (AFIC), previously known as the Air Standardization Coordinating Committee (ASCC), which is separate from NATO. Based in Washington DC, AFIC comprises representatives from the militaries of three NATO members (Canada, the United Kingdom and United States) and two non-NATO countries (Australia and New Zealand).

When the system was introduced in the 1950s, reporting names also implicitly designated potentially hostile aircraft. However, since the end of the Cold War, some NATO air forces have operated various aircraft types with reporting names (e.g., "Fulcrum" for the Mikoyan MiG-29).

American variations

The United States Department of Defense (DoD) expands on the NATO reporting names in some cases. NATO refers to surface-to-air missile systems mounted on ships or submarines with the same names as the corresponding land-based systems, but the DoD assigns a different series of numbers with a different prefix (i.e., SA-N- versus SA-) for these systems. The names are kept the same as a convenience. Where there is no corresponding system, a new name is devised.

Soviet nicknames

The Soviet Union did not always assign official "popular names" to its aircraft, but unofficial nicknames were common as in any air force. Generally, Soviet pilots did not use the NATO names, preferring a native Russian nickname. An exception was that Soviet airmen appreciated the MiG-29's codename "Fulcrum", as an indication of its pivotal role in Soviet air defence.

Nomenclature

To reduce the risk of confusion, unusual or made-up names are allocated, the idea being that the names chosen are unlikely to occur in normal conversation and are easier to memorise.

For fixed-wing aircraft, the number of syllables indicates the type of the aircraft's engine. Single-syllable code names denote reciprocating engine or turboprop, while two-syllable code names denote jet engine.

Bombers have names starting with the letter "B", and names like "Badger" (Tupolev Tu-16), "Blackjack" (Tupolev Tu-160) and "Bear" (Tupolev Tu-95) have been used. "Frogfoot", the reporting name for the Sukhoi Su-25, references the aircraft's close air support role. Transports have names starting with "C" (for "cargo"), resulting in names like "Condor" for the Antonov An-124 or "Candid" for the Ilyushin Il-76.

Lists of NATO reporting names

Missiles

The initial letter of the name indicates the use of that equipment. The alphanumeric designations (e.g., AA-2) are assigned by the U.S. Department of Defense.

Initial letter	Description	Corresponding list	A	K	G	S	S
Air-to-air missiles, e.g., "Atoll"	List of NATO reporting names for air-to-air missiles
Air-to-surface missiles (from the Russian Kh designation), e.g., "Kingfish"	List of NATO reporting names for air-to-surface missiles
Ground-to-air missiles, e.g., "Gauntlet"	List of NATO reporting names for surface-to-air missiles
Surface-to-surface missiles, including ballistic missiles (e.g., "Scud") and coastal defense missiles (e.g., "Stooge")	List of NATO reporting names for surface-to-surface missiles
Anti-tank missiles, e.g., "Spandrel"	List of NATO reporting names for anti-tank missiles

Aircraft

The first letter indicates the type of aircraft, e.g., "Bear" for a bomber aircraft refers to the Tupolev Tu-95, or "Fulcrum" for the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29 fighter aircraft. For fixed-wing aircraft, one-syllable names are used for propeller aircraft and two-syllable names for aircraft with jet engines. This distinction is not made for helicopters.

Initial letter	Description	Corresponding list	F	B	C	H	M
Fighter aircraft (e.g., Foxhound, Flanker), also later ground attack aircraft (e.g., Frogfoot)	List of NATO reporting names for fighter aircraft
Bomber aircraft, e.g., Bear, Blackjack	List of NATO reporting names for bomber aircraft
Commercial aircraft, airliners, and cargo aircraft, e.g., Condor, Crusty	List of NATO reporting names for transport aircraft
All kinds of helicopters, e.g., Hind, Hokum	List of NATO reporting names for helicopters
Miscellaneous aircraft names, including trainers (e.g., Mitten), aerial reconnaissance (e.g., Mandrake), maritime patrol (e.g., Mail), aerial refueling (e.g., Midas) and airborne early warning & control (e.g., Mainstay)	List of NATO reporting names for miscellaneous aircraft

Submarines

Before the 1980s, reporting names for submarines were taken from the NATO spelling alphabet. Modifications of existing designs were given descriptive terms, such as "Whiskey Long Bin". From the 1980s, new designs were given names derived from Russian words, such as "Akula", or "shark". These names did not correspond to the Soviet names. Coincidentally, "Akula", which was assigned to an attack submarine by NATO, was the actual Soviet name for the ballistic missile submarine NATO named "Typhoon-class". The NATO names for submarines of the People's Republic of China are taken from Chinese dynasties.

Equipment

References

"NATO Code Names for Submarines and Ships: Submarine Classes / Reporting Name". Univ. of Michigan, UMCC / AIS.
Hollings, Alex. (2022-01-24). "Where Do NATO Aircraft Names Come From?".
[[Aleksandr Zuyev (pilot). Zuyev, A.]] and Malcolm McConnell. ''Fulcrum: A Top Gun Pilot's Escape from the Soviet Empire''. Warner Books, 1993. {{ISBN. 0-446-36498-3.

Info: Wikipedia Source

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