National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine

Current composition

As of March 2024, the National Security and Defence Council consists of the following members:

Functions

Sanctions against Ukrainian citizens

Main article: NSDC sanctions against Ukrainian citizens

The sanctions policy of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine (NSDC) has been widely criticized for the application of personal restrictive measures against Ukrainian citizens without a court ruling, which violates the Constitution of Ukraine and fundamental principles of the rule of law. Sanctions are imposed by NSDC resolution based on the Law “On Sanctions”, but the mechanism does not provide for judicial involvement, which contradicts legal standards of the European Union and other democratic states.{{cite web

Human rights organizations, including the Center for Civil Liberties, the Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union, and the Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group, have pointed out the unconstitutional nature of this practice. They emphasize that the NSDC is a political body and lacks the authority to carry out quasi-judicial functions. In February 2025, several Ukrainian human rights organizations issued a joint statement condemning the use of sanctions as a tool of political pressure against the opposition.

According to critics, the sanctions mechanism has increasingly been used as a political instrument by incumbent President Volodymyr Zelenskyy to eliminate political rivals and strengthen control over the media and business sectors. Sanctions have targeted opposition politicians, journalists, and businessmen, including former President Petro Poroshenko, oligarchs Ihor Kolomoyskyi and Gennadiy Bogolyubov, journalist Svitlana Kryukova, former presidential adviser Oleksiy Arestovych, and businessman Kostyantyn Zhevago.

International human rights organizations, including Amnesty International, have voiced similar criticism, stating that sanctions are being “systematically used as a tool of political persecution.”

History

Defense Council

The Defense Council was created by the provision of Supreme Council of Ukraine #1658-12 on October 11, 1991. The Defense Council was defined as the highest state body of collegiate governing on matters of defense and security of Ukraine with following goals:

• Protecting sovereignty
• Constitutional order
• Territorial integrity and inviolability of the republic
• Developing strategies and continuous improvement of policy in sphere of defense and state security
• Comprehensive scientific assessment of the military threat nature
• Determining position toward modern warfare
• Effective control over the execution of the tasks of the state and its institutions keeping defense capabilities of Ukraine at the level of defense sufficiency

On January 23, 1992, the President of Ukraine appointed Myroslav Vitovsky as a secretary of the Defense Council, a position which Vitovsky held until November 30, 1995.

Initial composition

• Chairman of the Supreme Council of Ukraine
• Prime Minister of Ukraine
• Head of commission of the Supreme Council of Ukraine on issues of defense and state security of Ukraine
• State Minister on issues of defense, national security and emergency situations in Ukraine
• State Minister on issues of defense complex and conversion of Ukraine
• Minister of Defense of Ukraine
• Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine
• Director of the Security Service of Ukraine
• Commander of Border Troops of Ukraine
• Commander of the National Guard of Ukraine
• Chief of Staff of the Civil defense of Ukraine

After the establishment and elections of the President of Ukraine the composition of the council was reformed on April 9, 1992, by a provision of the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament).

• President of Ukraine
• Chairman of the Supreme Council of Ukraine
• Prime Minister of Ukraine
• First Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Council of Ukraine
• Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine
• Minister of Defense of Ukraine
• Minister of Internal Affairs of Ukraine
• Minister of Machine-building, Military-Industrial Complex and Conversion of Ukraine
• Chief of the Security Service of Ukraine
• Commander of the National Guard of Ukraine
• Commander of the Border Guard Service of Ukraine

National Security Council

The Council was originally created under temporary provision on July 3, 1992, as the National Security Council, but significantly revamped and strengthened under President Leonid Kuchma in 1994. The council was headed by a Presidential adviser in national security matters:

• July 1, 1992 - April 19, 1993 Volodymyr Selivanov (Adviser of the President of Ukraine on national security matters - Secretary of National Security Council)
  • before November 19, 1992 as State adviser of Ukraine on national security matters
• December 1, 1993 - August 5, 1994 Valeriy Kartavtsev (Secretary of National Security Council)
• August 5, 1994 - November 10, 1999 Volodymyr Horbulin (Secretary of National Security Council)
  • since October 17, 1994 as Secretary of National Security Council - Adviser of the President of Ukraine on national security matters

On August 23, 1994, the President of Ukraine adopted new provision for the Council. After the adaptation of the Constitution of Ukraine on June 28, 1996, the provisions of the council (National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine) were outlined in the Article 107. Thus, the National Security Council was merged with the already existing Defense Council of Ukraine and was adapted by the Presidential edict on August 30, 1996.

According to former secretary Andriy Klyuyev, 460 people worked at the Council in 2010, while in April 2012 the number of employees was 90.

The agency's membership is determined by the President, but it must include the Prime Minister of Ukraine, Minister of Defense, Minister of Internal Affairs, and the Minister of Foreign Affairs. The head of the council is the President of Ukraine assisted by the secretary whom they are allowed to appoint. In the absence of existing President of Ukraine, such as between elections, the acting chairman of the council is the Prime Minister. The Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada is not a member of the council, but they are allowed to participate in the meetings. Members of the council may also be other chairmen of government bodies of the executive branch. Any other individual is only allowed by special invitation from the Chairman of the Council.

If the President resigns, the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada becomes the acting head of the National Security and Defense Council.

Secretaries since 1994

Notes

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References

References

1. Dickinson, Peter. (Mar 31, 2021). "Ukraine's unlikely new political heavyweight".
2. (2024-03-26). "Ukraine dismisses security council secretary Danilov".
3. "National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine".
4. (2024-10-17). "UBA calls for reform of Ukraine's sanctions mechanism".
5. (2025-02-15). "Human rights groups denounce Ukraine's sanctions as unconstitutional".
6. [https://zmina.info/columns/gromadyany-i-sankcziyi-shho-ne-tak-z-rishennyamy-rnbo-shhodo-ukrayincziv/ Sanctions against Ukrainian citizens: Legal analysis and human rights concerns] – ZMINA Human Rights Centre, October 2023 (in Ukrainian).
7. [https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1644-18 Official text of the Law of Ukraine "On Sanctions"], adopted on August 14, 2014. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.
8. (2025-05-23). "The National security and defense council instead of the court: how the sanctions mechanism works in Ukraine".
9. (2025-02-14). "Human rights defenders criticize NSDC sanction lists".
10. (17 February 2025). "The rise of sanctions in Ukraine: Political tool or rule of law?".
11. (2025-02-13). "Sanctions against Poroshenko mark a dramatic escalation in Ukraine's political battle".
12. (2025-02-14). "Sanctions against Poroshenko: the start of Ukraine's election campaign".
13. (2025-01-19). "Zelensky imposes sanctions on MPs Boyko, Shufrych, and journalist Kryukova".
14. (15 February 2025). "Arestovych in the sanctions list: Zelenskyy approves new NSDC decision".
15. (16 February 2025). "Zhevago responds to NSDC sanctions".
16. [https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/europe-and-central-asia/ukraine/report-ukraine/?utm_source/ Ukraine: Use of sanctions undermines human rights] – Amnesty International, March 2023.
17. [http://zakon1.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1658-12/ed19911011 Statement of Verkhovna Rada about creation of the Defense Council of Ukraine]. Official document. October 11, 1991
18. [http://www.rnbo.gov.ua/content/history.html History of RNBOU] {{Webarchive. link. (2014-06-26 . RNBOU official website.)
19. President [[Viktor Yanukovych]] limited the number of employees of the Council to 180 on 9 April 2012.[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/125703/ Decree:At most 180 people to work in National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine], [[Kyiv Post]] (9 April 2012)
20. [http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/242394.html Poroshenko signs law expanding powers of National Security and Defense Council and its secretary], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (23 December 2014)
21. [http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/12-richest-vitaliy-haiduk-53-93070.html #12 Richest: Vitaliy Haiduk, 53], [[Kyiv Post]] (17 December 2010)
22. [http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/187249.html Kliuyev appointed presidential chief of staff], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (24 January 2014)
23. [http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/217330.html Parubiy steps down as secretary of Ukraine's NSDC], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (7 August 2014)
    [http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/217343.html Poroshenko signs decree dismissing Parubiy as NSDC secretary], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (7 August 2014)
24. [http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/240095.html Turchynov becomes secretary of Ukraine's NSDC], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (16 December 2014)
    [http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/240057.html President Poroshenko decides to appoint Turchynov Ukraine's NSDC secretary – source], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (16 December 2014)
25. "Secretary of Ukraine's Security and Defense Council Turchynov resigns (Document)".
26. [https://www.reuters.com/article/ukraine-president-appointments/ukraine-president-names-ex-finance-minister-danylyuk-as-top-security-official-idUSS8N20D06O Ukraine president names ex-finance minister Danylyuk as top security official], [[Reuters]] (28 May 2019)
27. Inc, TV Rain. (2019-09-27). "Секретарь Совета нацбезопасности Украины подал в отставку".
28. [https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/616788.html Ex-deputy secretary of NSDC Danilov appointed its secretary – decree], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (3 October 2019)
29. (2024-03-26). "Ukraine dismisses security council secretary Danilov".