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National personification
Fictional character representing a country
Fictional character representing a country
A national personification is an anthropomorphic personification of a state or the people(s) it inhabits. It may appear in political cartoons and propaganda. In the first personifications in the Western World, warrior deities or figures symbolizing wisdom were used (for example the goddess Athena in ancient Greece), to indicate the strength and power of the nation. Some personifications in the Western world often took the Latin name of the ancient Roman province. Examples of this type include Britannia, Germania, Hibernia, Hispania, Lusitania, Helvetia and Polonia.
Examples of personifications of the Goddess of Liberty include Marianne, the Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World), and many examples of United States coinage. Another ancient model was Roma, a female deity who personified the city of Rome and her dominion over the territories of the Roman Empire. Roma was probably favoured by Rome's high-status Imperial representatives abroad, rather than the Roman populace at large. In Rome, the Emperor Hadrian built and dedicated a gigantic temple to her as Roma Aeterna ("Eternal Rome"), and to Venus Felix, ("Venus the Bringer of Good Fortune"), emphasising the sacred, universal and eternal nature of the empire. Examples of representations of the everyman or citizenry in addition to the nation itself are Deutscher Michel, John Bull and Uncle Sam.
Italia turrita (), the allegorical personification of Italy, appears as of a young woman with her head surrounded by a mural crown completed by towers (hence turrita or "with towers" in Italian). It is often accompanied by the Stella d'Italia ('Star of Italy'), which is the oldest national symbol of Italy, since it dates back to the Graeco-Roman tradition, from which the so-called Italia turrita e stellata ('turreted and starry Italy'), and by other additional attributes, the most common of which is the cornucopia. The allegorical representation with the towers, which draws its origins from ancient Rome, is typical of Italian civic heraldry, so much so that the mural crown is also the symbol of the cities of Italy. The origin of the turreted woman is linked to the figure of Cybele, a deity of fertility of Anatolian origin, in whose representations she wears a wall crown. Its most classic aspect derives from the primordial myth of the Great Mediterranean Mother.
Gallery
File:Vespasian. Judaea Capta commemorative (CNG 303440).jpg|Iudaea Capta, "Judaea Taken", commemorative coin issued by the Roman emperor Vespasian (left) after the Jewish War File:4 Gift Bringers of Otto III.jpg|An early example of national personification in the Gospels of Otto III dated 990: Sclavinia, Germania, Gallia, and Roma, bringing offerings to Emperor Otto III.****|alt=An early example of national personification in the Gospels of Otto III dated 990: Sclavinia, Germania, Gallia, and Roma, bringing offerings to Emperor Otto III.: 94 File:Britannia.jpg|Britannia arm-in-arm with Uncle Sam symbolizes the British-American alliance in World War I. The two animals, the Bald eagle and the Barbary lion, are also national personifications of the two countries. Image:Allegorie Pacificatie van Gent.jpg|In this Allegory depicting the 1576 Pacification of Ghent by Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne, the seated women represent a short-lived unity among the embattled provinces of what would become the present-day Belgium and Netherlands. File:Naval-race-1909.jpg|1909 cartoon in Puck shows (clockwise) US, Germany, Britain, France and Japan engaged in naval race in a "no limit" game. File:They Shall Not Perish.png|Columbia depicted in an American Committee for Relief in the Near East poster defending an Armenian woman beneath her flag File:Recuerdo centenario argentino.jpg|The Liberty of Oudiné in memory of the Argentine centenary of the May Revolution (1810-1910) File:Altare della Patria-July 2016 (59).jpg|Tomb of the Italian Unknown Soldier, under the statue of goddess Roma, at Altare della Patria, Rome. Above it can be seen the equestrian statue of Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy, the first king of a unified Italy File:Courtyard of the Doge's Palace (Venice) - Scala dei giganti - Lion of Saint Mark.jpg|The winged Lion of Saint Mark at the Scuola Grande di San Marco, Venice. The open book holds the legend PAX TIBI MARCE EVANGELISTA MEVS () File:Lupa Capitolina, Rome.jpg|The Capitoline Wolf is a bronze sculpture depicting a scene from the legend of the founding of Rome. The sculpture shows a she-wolf suckling the mythical twin founders of Rome, Romulus and Remus.
Personifications by country or territory
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU ADD ANYTHING TO THE LIST BELOW! This is supposed to be a list of national personifications - that is NOT national heroes, founding fathers, heraldic figures or national animals. However, national heroes and national fauna or flora can only be added if they are used for the same purpose. Read the definition above first, then update the list. This list is also incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
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| Location | Image | Personification | Animal or plants used for the same purpose | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| African Union Africa | [[File:Rosalba Carriera - Africa - Google Art Project.jpg | 75px]] | Africa | African animals | ||||||||
| Albania | [[File:Mother Albania Tirana 2.JPG | 75px]] | Mother Albania | Double-headed eagle | ||||||||
| Flag of the Americas.png Americas | [[File:Sculpture "America" at main entrance to Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House, New York, New York LCCN2010720091.tif | 75px]] | Personification of the Americas | American alligator | ||||||||
| Argentina | [[File:20060128_-_Mausoleo_del_General_San_Martín_en_la_Catedral_de_Buenos_Aires.jpg | 75px]] | Allegory of the Republic, Gaucho | Hornero | ||||||||
| Armenia | [[File:Mother Armenia Statue (55651114).jpeg | 65px]] | Mother Armenia | |||||||||
| Australia | [[File:Anzac Bridge Aussie statue.JPG | 75px]] | Digger | Boxing kangaroo | ||||||||
| Austria | [[File:Wien 01 Austriabrunnen 07.jpg | frameless | 75px]] | Austria | Double-headed eagle | |||||||
| Bangladesh | [[File:কোলকাতা ভাষা শহীদ মিনার.jpg | 75px]] | Bangamata | url=http://visitbangladesh.gov.bd/about-bangladesh/national-symbol/ | title=NATIONAL SYMBOLS | work=Bangladesh Tourism Board | publisher=Ministry of Civil Aviation & Tourism | location=Bangladesh | access-date=2015-09-10 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228040953/http://visitbangladesh.gov.bd/about-bangladesh/national-symbol/ | archive-date=2016-12-28 | url-status=dead}} |
| Belgium | [[File:La-Belgique-couronnant-ses-enfants-illustres-Jamar-1854.tif | 75px]] | La Belgique, *Manneken Pis* | Brabantic Lion, Leo Belgicus | ||||||||
| Bolivia | [[File:Borgarello - Monumento a la Pachamama.jpg | 75px]] | Pachamama | Llama | ||||||||
| Brazil | [[File:Rodrigues-republica-mab.jpg | 75px]] | *Efígie da República* | Rufous-bellied Thrush, Jaguar | ||||||||
| Brunei | Awang Budiman | |||||||||||
| Bulgaria | [[File:Georgi-Danchov-Svobodna-Bulgaria.jpg | 75px]] | Mother Bulgaria | Lion | ||||||||
| Cambodia | Preah Thong and Neang Neak | |||||||||||
| Canada | [[File:RCMP 1935 postcard.jpg | 75px]] | Mountie, Johnny Canuck, *Canada Bereft* (Vimy Memorial). | Canadian beaver | ||||||||
| Chile | [[File:Dfgsdgsdfgdsfh.jpg | 75px]] | Huaso, Señora Juanita | Condorito | ||||||||
| China | [[File:DatongJiulongBi.jpg | 75px]] | Chinese dragon, Panda, hare | |||||||||
| Colombia | [[File:Juanvaldez.png | 75px]] | Juan Valdez | |||||||||
| Croatia | [[File:Ferdo Quiqerez,Predziđe kršćanstva.jpg | 75px]] | Mother Croatia | Beech marten (kuna) | ||||||||
| Cuba | [[File:Larepublica.jpg | 75px]] | *La República* | Tocororo | ||||||||
| Cyprus | [[File:Nikosia BW 2023-09-21 09-52-38 v1.jpg | 75px]] | *Liberty* | Cypriot Mouflon | ||||||||
| Czechia | [[File:Vaclav Maly -The National Museum in Prague 048.jpg | 75px]] | Čechie, Czech Vašek, Honza, Svejk | Czech lion | ||||||||
| Denmark | [[File:Holger danske.jpg | 75px]] | Holger Danske, Mother Denmark | Mute swan | ||||||||
| Dominican Republic | [[File:Conchoprimo.jpeg | 75px]] | Conchoprimo | |||||||||
| Egypt | [[File:Nahdet Misr.jpg | 75px]] | *Egypt's Renaissance* | Sphinx | ||||||||
| El Salvador | [[File:SalvadorDelMundo.jpg | 75px]] | Salvador del Mundo | Torogoz | ||||||||
| Estonia | [[File:Kalevipoeg laudu kandmas, Oskar Kallis, EKM j 190-118 M 553.jpg | 75px]] | Kalevipoeg | |||||||||
| Europe | [[File:Enlèvement d'Europe by Nöel-Nicolas Coypel (detail).jpg | 75px]] | Europa or *Europa regina* | |||||||||
| Finland | [[File:Suomineito (1906).jpg | 75px]] | Finnish Maiden | Finnish lion | ||||||||
| France | [[File:Statue place de la République à Paris, 2010.jpg | 75px]] | Marianne | Gallic rooster | ||||||||
| Georgia | *Mother of Kartvel* | |||||||||||
| Germany | [[File:Image Germania (painting).jpg | 75px]] | Germania, Deutscher Michel | Reichsadler, Bundesadler, | ||||||||
| Greece | [[File:Theodoros Vryzakis, Grateful Hellas (1858).jpg | 75px]] | Hellas | |||||||||
| Haiti | [[File:Czestochowska.jpg | 75px]] | Ezili Dantor, Le Marron Inconnu, Katrin | |||||||||
| Iroquois Haudenosaunee | [[File:Hiawatha MET DT265619.jpg | 75px]] | Hiawatha | Beaver | ||||||||
| Hungary | [[File:Hungária nőalak Aradon.jpg | 75px]] | The Lady of Hungaria | Turul | ||||||||
| Iceland | [[File:Arnason-front.jpg | 75px]] | The Lady of the Mountains | Gyrfalcon | ||||||||
| India | [[File:Bharat Mata by Abanindranath Tagore.jpg | 75px]] | Bharat Mata | Bengal tiger, Asiatic lion, Indian Elephant, Indian peafowl | ||||||||
| Indonesia | [[File:Statue of Goddess or Queen at Monas.JPG | 75px]] | Ibu Pertiwi (Mother Prithvi) | Garuda Pancasila | ||||||||
| Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan | [[File:Rostam killing the White Demon.jpg | 75px]] | Rostam | Lion and sun | ||||||||
| Ireland | [[File:Éire 1798 Memorial (St. Michan’s Park) - panoramio (11).jpg | 75px]] | Ériu, Banba, Fódla, Kathleen Ni Houlihan, Hibernia, The Old Woman of Beare | Irish Hare | ||||||||
| Israel | [[File:Bat Zion I want your Old New Land join Jewish regiment.jpg | 75px]] | Daughter of Zion, Srulik | Lion of Judah | ||||||||
| Italy | [[File:Philipp Veit 006.jpg | 75px]] | Italia turrita | Italian wolf | ||||||||
| Japan | [[File:Cover of Japanese Graphic vol.32.jpg | 75px]] | Yamato-hime, Samurai | Green Pheasant | ||||||||
| Kazakhstan | [[File:Sun emperor.JPG | 75px]] | Altin Adam | Tulpar | ||||||||
| Unification flag of Korea.svg Korea (North Korea and South Korea - despite mutual enmity, both states lay claim to the same historical heritage) | [[File:Choe Nam-seon's Korean peninsula tiger.jpg | 75px]] | Korean Tiger | |||||||||
| Kyrgyzstan | [[File:Manas.jpg | 75px]] | Manas | Siberian ibex | ||||||||
| Latvia | [[File:1916 Zariņš Tēvuzemei Grūti Laiki.jpg | 112x112px]] | Latvian Maiden, *Liberty* | |||||||||
| Lebanon | [[File:Cedars18(js).jpg | 112x112px]] | Cedrus | |||||||||
| Lithuania | [[File:CollegiumNovum-HerbWielkiegoKsięstwaLitewskiego(Pogoń)-POL, Kraków.jpg | 75px]] | Vytis | White Stallion | ||||||||
| Benelux Low Lands or Benelux | [[File:Leo Belgicus (Dutch-Belgic Lion of the Low Countries) Famiano Strada c1647.jpg | 100x100px]] | Leo Belgicus | |||||||||
| Malaysia | [[File:Hang Tuah, Muzium Negara - cropped.jpg | 75px]] | Hang Tuah | Malayan tiger | ||||||||
| Malta | [[File:Malta 1922 One Pound.jpg | 75px]] | Melita | Dolphin | ||||||||
| Mauritius | [[File:DodoMansur.jpg | 75px]] | Dodo | |||||||||
| Mexico | [[File:Alegoría de la Patria Mexicana 1.jpg | 75px]] | Mexican Motherland, La China Poblana | Golden eagle, Jaguar, Chihuahueño | ||||||||
| Mongolia | [[File:Bust of Genghis Khan in Mongolia.jpg | 75px]] | Genghis Khan | Mongolian horse, Saker falcon | ||||||||
| Montenegro | [[File:Vlah_Church_2.jpg | 75px]] | Fairy of Lovćen, Mother Montenegro | Double-headed eagle | ||||||||
| Morocco | [[File:BarbaryLionB1898bw.jpg | 75px]] | Barbary lion | |||||||||
| Netherlands | [[File:Rotterdam standbeeld maagdvanholland.jpg | 75px]] | Dutch Maiden | Dutch Republic Lion, Leo Belgicus | ||||||||
| Nepal | [[File:Gurkha Soldier Monument, London - April 2008.jpg | 75px]] | Gurkha, Sherpa | Yeti | ||||||||
| New Zealand | [[File:Palmerston NZ Boer War Memorial closer.jpg | 75px]] | Zealandia | Kiwi | ||||||||
| Nicaragua | [[File:El Güegüense Original.jpg | 75px]] | El Güegüense | Motmot | ||||||||
| North Macedonia | [[File:Mother Macedonia - personification of Macedonia.jpg | 75px]] | Mother Macedonia | Lioness | ||||||||
| Norway | [[File:Norges Grundlov 1814 Frihed Lighed Broderskab, 1914.jpg | 75px]] | Mother Norway, Ola & Kari Nordmann, Nór | Norwegian lion | ||||||||
| Flag of Palestine.svg Palestine | Handala | Eagle of Saladin | ||||||||||
| Panama | [[File:Oorkonde, RP-D-2014-5.jpg | 75px]] | Mother of Panama | Jaguar | ||||||||
| Peru | [[File:Patria (foto de Eugenio Courret).jpg | 75px]] | Peruvian Motherland, El Perú Libre | Vicuña | ||||||||
| Philippines | [[File:RizalParkIntramurosGolfClubjf8588 13.JPG | left | frameless | 75px]] | La Madre Filipinas, Juan dela Cruz | Philippine Carabao | ||||||
| Poland | [[File:Polonia 2.jpg | 75px]] | Polonia | White eagle | ||||||||
| Portugal | [[File:Zepovinho.jpg | 75px]] | *Zé Povinho*, Efígie da República, Guardian Angel of Portugal | Rooster of Barcelos | ||||||||
| Rhodesia | [[File:Rhodes statue Bulawayo.jpg | 75px]] | Cecil Rhodes | Sable antelope, Zimbabwe Bird | ||||||||
| Romania | [[File:Revolutionary Romania by C D Rosenthal.jpg | 75px]] | România | Lynx | ||||||||
| Russia | [[File:Thecristisrizenoldrussiancivilwarposter.jpg | 75px]] | Mother Russia, General Winter | Russian bear | ||||||||
| San Marino | [[File:Pochini la repubblica 1899 by Stefano Bolognini.JPG | 75px]] | Liberty | |||||||||
| Serbia | [[File:Jugoslavija na Jadranu.jpg | 75px]] | Mother Serbia, Kosovo Maiden | Serbian eagle | ||||||||
| Singapore | [[File:Singapore_Mini_Merlion.JPG | 75px]] | Merlion | |||||||||
| Slovakia | [[File:Janosik - Wladyslaw Skoczylas (77104868) (cropped).jpg | 75px]] | Jánošík | |||||||||
| Slovenia | [[File:Leopold Layer - Kralj Matjaž.jpg | 75px]] | Kralj Matjaž | |||||||||
| South Africa | [[File:Castle of Good Hope (11).jpg | frameless | 97x97px]] | The Lady of Good Hope (*Die Dame van Goeie Hoop* or *INkosikazi Yethemba Elihle*) | Springbok | |||||||
| Spain | [[File:Madrid - Biblioteca Nacional de España, alegoría de Hispania 1.jpg | 75px]] | Hispania | Hispanic Lion, Spanish Fighting Bull | ||||||||
| Sri Lanka | Sri Lanka Matha (*Mother Sri Lanka*) | Lion | ||||||||||
| Suriname | [[File:Mama Sranan Sculpture.JPG | 75px]] | Mama Sranan (*Mother Suriname*), a 1965 sculpture by Jozeph Klas in the center of Paramaribo, of a mother figure holding five children representing Suriname's ethnic groups in her arms. | |||||||||
| Sweden | [[File:Moder svea berga.JPG | 75px]] | Mother Svea (*Moder Svea*) | |||||||||
| Switzerland | [[File:HELVETIA bronze statue ST KARLSHOF ZUG artist anna bang 2023 extra warm.jpg | 75px]] | Helvetia | Cow | ||||||||
| French Polynesia Tahiti | [[File:FP-tahiti-arahurahu-tiki-1.jpg | 75px]] | Tiki | Manta ray | ||||||||
| Taiwan | [[File:Bravo and visitors in Yangmingshan National Park 20160124b.jpg | 75px]] | Formosan black bear | |||||||||
| Thailand | [[File:วัดอาวุธวิกสิตาราม_เขตบางพลัด_กรุงเทพมหานคร_(5).jpg | 75px]] | Siam Devadhiraj | White elephant | ||||||||
| Turkey | [[File:1933 09 09 Cumhuriyet 9 Eylul.jpg | 75px]] | Turkish Motherland | Wolf | ||||||||
| Turkmenistan | [[File:Ashgabat IMG 5820 (25838312100).jpg | 75px]] | Oghuz Khagan | Akhal-Teke | ||||||||
| Ukraine | [[File:Майдан незалежностi. Памятник Казак Мамай - panoramio.jpg | 75px]] | Cossack Mamay, Mother Ukraine, Berehynia | Ruthenian Lion | ||||||||
| United Kingdom | [[File:Britannia-Statue.jpg | 75px]] | Britannia | Bulldog | ||||||||
| United States | [[File:(Columbia standing on the earth, holding an American flag and trademark sign) (LOC).jpg | 75px]] | Columbia, Lady Liberty | Bald Eagle, American Buffalo, Timber rattlesnake (American Revolution) | ||||||||
| Uruguay | [[File:El Altar de la Patria.png | 75px]] | Efigie de la República | |||||||||
| Uzbekistan | Timur | Snow leopard, Huma bird | ||||||||||
| Venezuela | Juan Bimba (obsolete) | |||||||||||
| Vietnam | [[File:Phù điêu Quốc tổ Lạc Long Quân tại Đền Nội Bình Đà.jpg | 75px]] | Lạc Long Quân and Âu Cơ | Vietnamese Dragon, Lạc Bird | ||||||||
| Zimbabwe | Sable antelope, Zimbabwe Bird |
References
References
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