National Command Authority (Pakistan)

Overview

After the nuclear weapons testings conducted in Ras Koh Range in 1998, the Pakistani national security strategists began discussing the idea towards a robust command and control oversight which would validate the operational deterrent. The idea received more support since the secretive research and development complexes simultaneously worked on variety of weapon designs, often engage in intense competition and on overlapping issues. The Joint Staff Headquarters (JS HQ) did established the directorates at the Army GHQ to provide safe control and command from being exploitation, politicisation, and infiltration from the regional adversaries to sabotage the nuclear weapons program.

In April 1999, Gen. Pervez Musharraf, then-Chairman joint chiefs and then-army chief, supported the proposal and submitted the overall report to the Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif as a step towards an effective operational deterrent.

On 3 February 2000, the National Command Authority (NCA) was created through an executive action with the establishment of the National Security Council (NSC). The new federal agency was a result of amalgamating the previous cabinet-level Employment Control Committee (ECC) and the Development Control Committee (DCC) with the establishment of the strategic directorate– the Strategic Plans Division (SPD). The first secretary of National Command Authority was appointed when Lieutenant-General Khalid Kidwai was also named as director-general of the Strategic Plans Division.

In 2010, the National Command Authority's mandate was approved through a parliamentary legislation with the Prime Minister of Pakistan to act its Chief Executive (or Chairman), assisted by the principle civilian cabinet ministers of foreign affairs, defense, finance, and interior as the ex officio members..

Mission, mandate and operation

The National Command Authority (NCA) has mandated by the act of parliament to ensure its mission and operations regarding the national security.

• To manage Pakistan's nuclear weapons stockpile.
• To reduce regional danger from weapons of mass destruction and to promote nuclear safety and international nonproliferation.
• To authorize and provide guidance on undertaking of scientific and technological work; and to ensure the safe and reliable stockpile operations of the Strategic Forces.

Defense programs

The National Command Authority is mandate to provide consultancy to maintain the safety, security and effectiveness of the Pakistan's nuclear weapons stockpile. The NCA works on maintaining the existing nuclear deterrent by funding of the science experiments, engineering audits, and computer simulation of hydrodynamics events at its weapons development complexes while helping in guiding new weapons programs as required by the Ministry of Defense of Pakistan.

Nonproliferation

In the wake of controversies involving S. B. Mahmood (2001) and A. Q. Khan (2005), the two senior scientists in Pakistan's weapons program, the National Command Authority's role in nuclear nonproliferation became central and primary objective. Since then, the NCA's mission has evolved into rapidly upgrading its personnel security oversight, clearance levels, and export control of the nuclear technology.

The NCA works with the international partners and the federal agencies to discover, protect, and or dispose of radiological and nuclear materials. Trusted partnership with the American National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) became a pivot and unique experience for Pakistan to enhance its understanding of export control of the sensitive nuclear technology and the nuclear security and safety to its nuclear enterprise.

Organizational structure

The NCA consists of the organizational structure as provided by the known-source below:

Subordinate agencies

Strategic Plans Division

The Strategic Plans Division (SPD) is a division that works on engineering audits and viability certification of the nuclear weapons that is the essence for validating the operational full spectrum nuclear deterrent. The SPD follows the conventional military chain of command but integrated with the nuclear warfare strategy by working towards enabling the nuclear triad with the establishment of the three-tier strategic force commands. The SPD creates new weapons programs as required by the Pakistan's Ministry of Defense (MoD).

The NCA issues directives under the consultancy and after the nuclear weapons stockpile engineering audits certified by the Strategic Plans Division (SPD). The SPD is a military directorate whose leadership comes directly as an external billet appointments from the Army GHQ at the request of the JS HQ.

In 1990, the Combat Development Directorate was created by the Pakistan Army, with Major-General Ziauddin Butt becoming its first director-general. The directorate concerning with nuclear weapons development and delivery mechanism reported directly to army chief or the chief of general staff. The combat development directorate functioned until 1998 with Lieutenant-General Zulfikar Ali Khan its final director when the Strategic Plans Division was created as a secretariat of the National Command Authority in 2000.

As of 2022, Lieutenant-General Yusuf Jamal is serving as the director-general of the Strategic Plans Division as well as serving as in capacity of Secretary of NCA. To address the physical security of the nuclear weapons, the SPD operates its own paramilitary unit, which has received training in past from the United States Department of Energy's Federal Protective Forces.

References

References

1. Baqir Sajjad Syed. (25 February 2016). "National Command Authority calls for strategic restraint pact in South Asia". Dawn (newspaper).
2. (2 July 2013). "MAKING THE BOMB: Pakistan's Nuclear Journey".
3. "The National Command Authority".
4. NTI, Nuclear Threat Initiatives. (5 May 1994). "Bare All and Be Damned". Far Eastern Economic Review.
5. (2 February 2000). "National Command Authority formed". Dawn archives 2000.
6. (4 February 2000). "Pakistan Sets Up Weapons Control Authority". Times of India.
7. (22 December 2016). "Senate passes amended National Command Authority Bill 2016".
8. (22 December 2016). "Senate passes amended National Command Authority Bill 2016".
9. "National Command Authority (NCA) Act, 2010".
10. http://www.na.gov.pk/acts/act_2010/national_command_authority_act2010_090310.pdf {{Dead link. (February 2022)
11. (7 November 2012). "Eating Grass: The Making of the Pakistani Bomb". Stanford University Press.
12. (2023-10-11). "Lieutenant General Yusuf Jamal, Director General Strategic Plans Division on behalf of Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, conferred distinguished service medals to thirty-four eminent scientists and engineers of the Strategic Plans Division (SPD) for their meritorious services during an Investiture Ceremony held at Chaklala Garrison.".
13. "Lt Gen Sarfraz Sattar appointed SPD DG".