National Board of Review

Origins

The organization, which is now a private organization of film enthusiasts, has its roots in 1909 when professor Charles Sprague Smith and others formed the New York Board of Motion Picture Censorship to make recommendations to the Mayor's office concerning controversial films, in an effort to avoid government censorship of films. It quickly became known as the National Board of Motion Picture Censorship and the unofficial clearinghouse for new movies. The Board's stated purpose was to endorse films of merit and champion the new "art of the people", which was transforming the United States' cultural life. In March 1916 the Board changed its name to the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures to avoid the controversial word "censorship".

Producers submitted their films to the board before making release prints; they agreed to cut any footage that the board found objectionable, up to and including destroying the entire film. Thousands of films carried the legend "Passed by the National Board of Review" in their main titles from 1916 into the 1950s, when the board began to lose financial support, partly due to the NBR being overshadowed by the MPAA regarding film censorship.

In 1930, the NBR was the first group to choose the 10 best English-language movies of the year and the best foreign films, and is still the first critical body to announce its annual awards. In 1936 executive secretary Wilton A. Barrett explained the Board's workings:The National Board is opposed to legal censorship regarding all forms of the motion picture...It believes that far more constructive ...is the method of selecting the better pictures, publishing descriptive, classified lists of them and building up audiences and support for them through the work of community groups...

Publications

The NBR has also gained international acclaim for its publications, which collectively constitute the oldest film review and commentary publication in the US. Many back issues can now be viewed at the Media History Digital Library.

• Film Program (1917–1926)
• Exceptional Photoplays (1920–1925)
• Photoplay Guide to Better Movies (1924–1926)
• National Board of Review Magazine (1926–1942)
• New Movies (1942–1949)
• Films in Review (print: 1950–1997; online: 1997–present)

Award categories

• Best Film + Top 10 Films
• Best Director
• Best Actor
• Best Actress
• Best Supporting Actor
• Best Supporting Actress
• Best Acting by an Ensemble
• Breakthrough Performance
• Best Adapted Screenplay
• Best Original Screenplay
• Best Animated Film
• Best Documentary Film
• Best International Film
• Spotlight Award
• Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography
• Best Family Film
• Top 5 Documentaries
• Best Directorial Debut
• Top 10 Independent Films
• NBR Freedom of Expression
• Special Filmmaking Achievement
• Top 5 International Films
• Special Achievement in Producing
• William K. Everson Film History Award
• Career Achievements in Production: Music, FX
• Best Acting (1937–1944, retired)

References

References

1. [https://www.awardsdaily.com/2023/12/04/oscars-2024-national-board-of-review-preview-predictions-and-contest/ Oscars 2024: National Board of Review Preview, Predictions and Contest!]
2. [https://archives.nypl.org/mss/2100 "National Board of Review of Motion Pictures records 1907–1971", NYPL]
3. Sklar, Robert. (1994). "Movie-Made America: A Cultural History of American Movies". Vintage Books.
4. Chris, Cynthia. (2012). "Censoring Purity". [[Duke University Press]].
5. (January 19, 1952). "Exit: 'Passed by National Board of Review'". Associated Publications.
6. (1936). "The National Board of Review of Motion Pictures--How It Works". The Journal of Educational Sociology.
7. (1 February 1950). "SCREEN MAGAZINE BOWS; Films in Review, Published by National Board, Out Today". [[The New York Times]].
8. (2018). "Top 5 Foreign Language Films {{!}} Archive".