National Assembly (Kuwait)

Overview

The National Assembly is the legislature in Kuwait, established in 1963. Its predecessor, the 1938 National Assembly, was formally dissolved in 1939 after "one member, Sulaiman al-Adasani, in possession of a letter, signed by other Assembly members, addressed to Iraq's King Ghazi, requesting Kuwait's immediate incorporation into Iraq." This demand came after the merchant members of the Assembly attempted to extract oil money from Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, a suggestion refused by him and upon which he instigated a crackdown which arrested the Assembly members in 1939.

The National Assembly normally consists of 65 members; this total includes 50 elected deputies as well as 15 cabinet members directly appointed by the Emir. Fifty deputies are elected by one non-transferable vote to serve four-year terms. Members of the cabinet also sit in the parliament as deputies. The constitution limits the size of the cabinet to 16. The cabinet ministers have the same rights as the elected MPs, with the following two exceptions: they do not participate in the work of committees, and they cannot vote when an interpolation leads to a no-confidence vote against one of the cabinet members. As per Article 107 of the Kuwait constitution, the National Assembly can be dissolved by the Emir by decree, giving the reasons for the dissolution. However, the National Assembly shall not be dissolved again on the same grounds, and elections for the new Assembly must be held within a period not exceeding two months from the date of the dissolution.

In contrast to parliaments in other Gulf kingdoms, the Kuwaiti assembly has considerably more formal and informal power than elsewhere in the region.

The assembly was previously suspended from 1976–1981 and 1986–1991.

Gender balance

Kuwaiti women gained the right to vote in 2005. Women first won seats in the National Assembly in the 2009 election, in which four women, Aseel al-Awadhi, Rola Dashti, Massouma al-Mubarak and Salwa al-Jassar, were elected.

Building

Main article: Kuwait National Assembly Building

The parliament building was designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon, who also designed the Sydney Opera House.

Political factions

While political parties are not legal in Kuwait, a number of political factions have existed. Prior to its suspension, the house was composed of different political factions:

• The liberal bloc.
• The Shaabi (populist) bloc: A coalition of populists (Sunni and Shia), liberals and nationalist political organizations with a focus on middle-class issues. The Popular Action Bloc is their main political organization.
• The Islamist bloc: Consisting of Sunni Islamist members.

Kuwait's 2024 elections witnessed an increase in voter turnout.

References

References

1. Gandhi, Jennifer. (26 July 2010). "Institutions and Policies under Dictatorship". Cambridge University Press.
2. "ما أسباب تأجيل انعقاد مجلس الأمة الكويتي؟". الجزيرة.
3. Herb, Michael. (2014). "The wages of oil : Parliaments and economic development in Kuwait and the UAE". [[Cornell University Press]].
4. (27 January 1995). "Oil and Politics in the Gulf: Rulers and Merchants in Kuwait and Qatar". [[Cambridge University Press]].
5. "Kuwait: Majles Al-Ommah (National Assembly)". [[Inter-Parliamentary Union]].
6. "Constitution of the State of Kuwait 1962, as amended to 2012".
7. Yom, Sean. (2024). "Will Kuwait's Next Parliament Be Its Last?".
8. Omar, Faten. (2024-04-05). "High voter turnout highlights increasing awareness".