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Mine-resistant ambush protected vehicle

Armoured vehicle designed to survive IED explosion

Armoured vehicle designed to survive IED explosion

Mine-resistant ambush protected vehicle (MRAPV), also known as MRAP vehicle, is a type of armoured personnel carrier that is designed specifically to withstand the impact of land mines, improvised explosive device (IED) attacks, and ambushes to save troops' lives. Most modern infantry mobility vehicles also have a certain level of MRAP capabilities.

History

Specialized light armored vehicles designed specifically to resist land mines were first introduced in the 1970s by the Rhodesian Army, and were further developed by South African manufacturers starting in 1974 with the Hippo armored personnel carrier (APC). The first step by the South African Defence Force (SADF) was the Bosvark, a Unimog fitted with a shallow mine-deflecting tub on the chassis to protect the crew. Then came the first generation of purpose-built vehicles, including the Hippo and various other light vehicles. They were essentially armoured V-shaped hulls mounted on truck chassis.[[File:UA Marines BMC Kirpi 03.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Turkish-made [[BMC Kirpi]] in [[Ukrainian Marine Corps]] service]]The next generation was represented by the Buffel, a Unimog chassis with a mine-protected cab and a mine-protected crew compartment mounted on it. These early vehicles overloaded their chassis and they were clumsy off-road. The Casspir Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected Vehicle was developed for the SADF after 1980; this was the inspiration for the American and other military MRAPV program and the basis for some of the program's vehicles.

Design

These vehicles have good off-road mobility, and armor protection against small-arms fire, IEDs, and antipersonnel mines. These armored vehicles generally have a distinctive V-shaped hull (for mine protection) and a wheeled chassis.

List of MRAP vehicles

NameCountry of originEntered serviceImage
MPCV "Spook"Rhodesia1979[[File:MPCV Zimbabwe.jpgframeless]]
ATF DingoGermany2000[[File:Dingo 2.jpgframeless]]
UnibuffelSri Lanka2000[[File:Sri Lanka Military 0200.jpgframeless]]
CougarUnited States2002[[File:U.S.Marine Cougar H EOD.jpgframeless]]
RG-31 NyalaSouth Africa2006[[File:RG-31.JPGframeless]]
BAE CaimanUnited States2007[[File:Summit County Sheriff SWAT BAE Caiman MRAP - Ohio (52171227125).jpgframeless]]
Gaz TigrRussia2007[[File:GAZ 2975 Tigr.JPGframeless]]
International MaxxProUnited States2007[[File:Navistar MaxxPro.JPGframeless]]
RG-33South Africa2007[[File:Rg 33 with M2 Machine Gun..jpgframeless]]
MarauderSouth Africa2008[[File:Marauder Multi Role Armoured Vehicle (9676433800).jpgframeless]]
BMC VuranTurkey2009[[File:Kirpi.jpgframeless]]
Nexter AravisFrance2009[[File:Nexter Aravis à Strasbourg, 2010 (3).jpgframeless]]
Oshkosh M-ATVUnited States2009[[File:Polish Oshkosh M-ATV M1240A1 Ostrava 2021.jpgframeless]]
First WinThailand2010[[File:Chaiseri First Win.jpgframeless]]
Force Protection OcelotUnited Kingdom2011[[File:Foxhound Patrol Vehicle in Afghanistan MOD 45154019.jpgframeless]]
CS/VP3 MRAPChina2012[[File:Poly Technologies Inc. CS-VP3 MRAP.jpgframeless]]
BMC KirpiTurkey2014[[File:UA Marines BMC Kirpi 04.jpgframeless]]
Kamaz TyphoonRussia2014[[File:KamAZ-63968 Typhoon - Engineering technologies 2012 (1).jpgframeless]]
Protolab MisuFinland2017[[File:MiSu 3.jpgframeless]]
Sisu GTPFinland2018[[File:Sisu GTP at Rautatientori 20240524.jpgframeless]]
ToofanIran2018[[File:Eghtedar exercise of Kerman police (08).jpgframeless]]
Ezugwu MRAPNigeria2019[[File:DICON Ezegwu MRAP.pngframeless]]
JLTVUnited States2019[[File:Joint Light Tactical Vehicle Training in Germany (6618033).jpgframeless]]
UnicobSri Lanka2021[[File:Unicob Mine-Resistant Ambush-Protected Vehicle (MRAPV)- Sri Lanka Army.jpgframeless]]
Kalyani M4India2022[[File:Kalyani M4 in Green.jpgframeless]]
Zastava M20 MRAPSerbia2023[[File:Zastava TERVO-FAP M-20 MRAP prototip 04.jpgframeless]]

Infantry mobility vehicle with MRAP capabilities

  • AM
  • M16 Miloš
  • Bushmaster IMV
  • COMBATGUARD
  • Didgori series
  • Grizzly APC
  • Hunter TR-12
  • Iveco LMV – several thousand ordered by Italian and other European militaries
  • Kozak (armored personnel carrier)
  • Lenco BearCat G5
  • Nurol Ejder
  • Mahindra Armored Light Specialist Vehicle
  • Mungo ESK
  • Oshkosh L-ATV – selected to meet US military's JLTV requirement on 25 August 2015
  • Otokar Cobra
  • Otokar Cobra II
  • RG-33 (4×4)
  • Shota
  • STREIT Group Spartan
  • Varta

References

References

  1. Pike, John. "Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) Vehicle Program".
  2. (24 August 2022). "Turkey Quietly Sent 50 Mine-Resistant Armored Vehicles to the Ukrainian Military".
  3. (23 April 2023). "Rosoboronexport launches import-substituted Typhoon-K MRAP vehicle in foreign markets".
  4. "Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) Vehicle Vehicle Management Codes". DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE.
  5. (2012-12-06). "Lesakeng". South African Armour Museum.
  6. Heitman, Helmoed-Römer. ''South African Armed Forces''. Buffalo Publications 1990. {{ISBN. 0-620-14878-0 p 44.
  7. Russell, Robert W. (2009). "Does the MRAP meet the U.S. Army's needs as the primary method of protecting troops from the IED threat?". US Army Command and General Staff College.
  8. Mike Guardia. (20 November 2013). "US Army and Marine Corps MRAPs: Mine Resistant Ambush Protected Vehicles". Osprey Publishing.
  9. Leon Engelbrecht. (8 February 2010). "Fact file: Casspir MRAP".
  10. "An MRAP for India".
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