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Minamoto no Yorimasa
12th-century Japanese poet and military commander
12th-century Japanese poet and military commander
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| image | Minamoto no Yorimasa2.jpg |
| birth_date | |
| native_name | 源 頼政 |
| native_name_lang | ja |
| death_date |
Minamoto no Yorimasa was a Japanese poet, aristocrat and samurai lord. His poetry appeared in various anthologies. He served eight different emperors in his long career, holding posts such as hyōgo no kami (head of the arsenal). As a general, he led the Minamoto armies at the beginning of the Genpei War. Even in later generations, the common name Genzanmi was passed down (Yorimasa was not the only person who was called “Genzanmi”, in the same period). Also, like his father, he used the surname “Baba” and was also called “Baba no Yorimasa.”
Biography
In the clashes between the Minamoto and Taira clans that had gone on for decades, Yorimasa had tried to stay out of politics, and avoided taking sides. He did participate in the Hōgen rebellion in 1156. For a time, he was even friends with Taira no Kiyomori. During the Heiji rebellion of 1160, he leaned just enough in favor of the Taira that it allowed them to overthrow the Minamoto. However, by the time he officially retired from military service in Kiyomori's army in 1179, Yorimasa had changed his mind about opposing his own clan. He entered the Buddhist priesthood and in May 1180, he sent out an appeal to other Minamoto leaders, and to temples and monasteries that Kiyomori had offended.
In the following Genpei War, which began with the Battle of Uji in 1180, Yorimasa led Minamoto forces, along with warrior monks from Miidera, in defending the Byōdō-in temple. Despite the monks' having torn up the planks of the bridge leading to the temple, the Taira managed to break through their defenses, and take the temple. After suffering this defeat at Uji, he committed ritual suicide at Byōdō-in. although Minamoto no Tametomo, who died in 1170, ten years before Yorimasa, may hold this distinction. He told Minamoto no Yukiie to give the other members of the Minamoto clan Prince Mochihito’s orders.
According to legend, after his death a retainer took Yorimasa's head to prevent it from falling into the hands of the Taira. He then fastened it to a rock and threw it into the Uji River so it could not be found.
Family
Yorimasa had several children including a daughter, poet Nijōin no Sanuki, and sons, samurai lords Minamoto no Nakatsuna and Minamoto no Kanetsuna. His cousin was Minamoto no Mitsuyuki a poet who was an advisor for Minamoto no Yoritomo.
Poetry
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In a famous episode in the Taiheiki:
*Samidare ni sawabe no makomo mizu koete/izure ayame to hikizo wazurau* The fifth-month rains swamp the water-oats along the shore, making it hard to tell irises from one another and pull just one
"So, Yorimasa not only added to his reputation as an archer by shooting down a nue; he also proved himself a distinguished poet by winning with a single poem Lady Ayame, whom he had adored for years and months."
Yorimasa's death poem was:
*umoregi no/hana saku koto mo/nakarishi ni/mi no naru hate zo/kanashikarikeru* Like a fossil tree From which we gather no flowers Sad has been my life Fated no fruit to produce
The slaying of the Nue
The Heike Monogatari and the Settsu Meisho Zue from the Settsu Province, tell the following tale of the killing of the Nue:
In the closing years of the Heian period, at the place where the emperor (Emperor Konoe) lived, the Seiryō-den, there appeared a cloud of black smoke along with an eerie resounding crying voice, making Emperor Nijō quite afraid. Subsequently, the emperor fell into illness, and neither medicine nor prayers had any effect.
A close associate remembered Minamoto no Yoshiie using an arrow to put a stop to the mystery case of some bird's cry, and he gave the order to a master of arrows, Minamoto no Yorimasa, to slay the monster.
One night, Yorimasa went out to slay the monster with his servant Ino Hayata (written as 猪早太 or 井早太), and an arrow made from an arrowhead he had inherited from his ancestor Minamoto no Yorimitsu and the tailfeathers of a mountain bird. An uncanny black smoke started to cover the Seiryō-den. Yorimasa shot his arrow into it, there was a shriek, and a nue fell down around the northern parts of Nijō Castle. Instantly Ino Hayata seized it and finished it off.
In the skies above the imperial court, two or three cries of the common cuckoo could be heard, and it is thus said that peace had returned. After this, the emperor's health instantly recovered, and Yorimasa was given the sword as a reward.
References
References
- [[Sanseidō]]. (10 March 2025)
- Sansom, George. (1958). "A History of Japan to 1334". Stanford University Press.
- Turnbull, Stephan R.. (1977). "The Samurai: A Military History". MacMillan Publishing Co..
- Sato, Hiroaki. (1995). "Legends of the Samurai". Overlook Duckworth.
- Turnbull, Stephen. (1998). "The Samurai Sourcebook". Cassell & Co..
- 梶原正昭・山下宏明校注. (1991). "平家物語 上". 岩波書店.
- 多田, 克己. (1990). "幻想世界の住人たち IV 日本編". 新紀元社.
- 田辺眞人. (1998). "神戸の伝説". 神戸新聞総合出版センター.
- 村上健司. (2002). "妖怪ウォーカー". 角川書店.
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