Metis Shoal

History

The shoal was named by the captain of HMS Metis in 1875, who found a small volcanic island protruding from the ocean. The island was reported as being 200m long and 37m high by HMS Sappho in 1878, and as 480m high in 1890, but had eroded away completely by 1898, leaving a shoal covered by 4m of water. In December 1967 an eruption produced another short-lived island, which disappeared by the end of 1968. The new island was named "Lateiki" ("lies besides Late") and claimed by Tonga in a flag-raising ceremony, but soon eroded beneath the sea surface.

1995–2019 island

During an eruption in 1995, a new island (latitude: 19.18°S, longitude: 174.8°W) appeared which had a diameter of 280 metre and a height of 43 metre following the growth of a lava dome above the surface. On 7 December 2006 the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) flew over Metis Shoal and Home Reef at the request of volcanologists from the Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences (IGNS) to take photos of Metis Shoal.

Another eruption commenced in October 2019. This eruption was first reported by Tongan vessel MV Ngutulei on the morning of 14 October 2019 and continued for more than two weeks. Photos were later taken by aircraft from Real Tonga and Air New Zealand, which showed that Metis Shoal had completely sunk.

New island

The Tonga Geological Service announced on 6 November 2019 that the eruption in October produced a new and bigger island, about 120 metres west of the island which disappeared. The new island was estimated to be 100 metres wide and 400 metres long, which is three times bigger than the previous one.

References

References

1. "Lateiki: General information". Global volcanism program.
2. (1 January 1968). "A NEW SOUTH SEAS ISLAND IS BORN...". Pacific Islands Monthly.
3. (1 November 1979). "Lateiki: Tonga's new jack-in-the-box island". Pacific Islands Monthly.
4. (3 August 1979). "Island claimed for Tonga". Papua New Guinea Post-Courier.
5. (6 May 2022). "The 2019–2020 volcanic eruption of Late'iki (Metis Shoal), Tonga". [[Scientific Reports]].
6. (November 6, 2019). "Eruption creates new bigger Lateiki Island".
7. (2019-11-07). "Volcanic eruption creates new island in Tongan archipelago".
8. Michael Daly. (7 November 2019). "Wait to see whether Tongan island created by undersea eruption will last long". Stuff.