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Metabolic water

Water created by metabolism in living creatures

Water created by metabolism in living creatures

Metabolic water refers to water created inside a living organism through metabolism, by oxidizing energy-containing substances in food and adipose tissue. Animal metabolism produces about 107–110 grams of water per 100 grams of fat, 41–42 grams of water per 100 g of protein, and 60 grams of water per 100 g of carbohydrate.

Some organisms, especially xerocoles — animals living in the desert — rely exclusively on metabolic water. Migratory birds must rely exclusively on metabolic water production while making non-stop flights, facilitated by the high metabolic rate during such flights. Humans, by contrast, obtain only about 8–10% of their water needs through metabolic water production.

In mammals, the water produced from metabolism of protein roughly equals the amount needed to excrete the urea which is a byproduct of the metabolism of protein. Birds, however, excrete uric acid and can have a net gain of water from the metabolism of protein.

References

References

  1. (July 1942). "Metabolic Water and Desiccation". Nature.
  2. Morrison, S. D.. (1953-11-28). "A method for the calculation of metabolic water". The Journal of Physiology.
  3. (2005). "4 Water {{!}} Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate {{!}} The National Academies Press".
  4. "Racing the wind. Water economy and energy expenditure in avian endurance flight".
  5. Klaassen M. (1996). "Metabolic constraints on long-distance migration in birds". J Exp Biol.
  6. Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources (BANR), ''Nutrient Requirements of Nonhuman Primates: Second Revised Edition'' (2003), p. 144. [http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9826&page=154]
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