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Megalopolises in China
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In China, a megalopolis () is a designation by the government to promote the development of a group of cities through transportation and communication links.
Conceptual history
The Economist Intelligence Unit in 2012 identified 13 megalopolises: Chang-Zhu-Tan (Greater Changsha), Chengdu, Chongqing, Greater Beijing i.e. Jing-Jin-Ji, Greater Shanghai (incl. Suzhou), Greater Xi'an, Greater Zhengzhou, Greater Guangzhou, Hefei economic circle (incl. Lu'an, Huainan, Chaohu), Shandong Peninsula, Greater Shenyang, Shenzhen and Wuhan.
As of 2018, there are nine officially approved megalopolises in China. In 2017, the National Development and Reform Commission stated that plans for six city clusters had been completed in 2016, five in 2017, with eight more forthcoming for a total of 19 city cluster plans by 2020. The new city clusters identified in 2017 were Lanzhou-Xining, Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Yulin, Guanzhong Plain, Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area.
The Thirteenth Five-Year Plan (covering 2016-2020) highlighted nineteen city clusters to be developed and strengthened pursuant to a geographic layout referred to as two horizontals and three verticals (liang heng san zong). The highlighted clusters included the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River delta region, and the Greater Bay area. Development of these clusters includes establishing regional coordination mechanisms, sharing development costs and benefits, collaborative industrial development, and shared governance approaches to ecological issues and environmental protection.
Major Chinese megalopolises
| Megalopolises | Metropolitan areas | Cities | Area ( km2) | Population | Date of approval |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yangtze River Delta Megalopolis | Municipality: Shanghai | ||||
| Jiangsu: Nanjing, Wuxi, Changzhou, Suzhou, Nantong, Yancheng, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Taizhou | |||||
| Zhejiang: Hangzhou, Ningbo, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Shaoxing, Jinhua, Zhoushan, Taizhou | |||||
| Anhui: Hefei, Wuhu, Ma'anshan, Tongling, Anqing, Chuzhou, Chizhou, Xuancheng | 350,000 | 240,000,000 (2020) | 22 May 2016 | ||
| Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area | Guangzhou-Foshan-Zhaoqing Metropolitan Area, Shenzhen-Dongguan-Huizhou Metropolitan Area, Zhuhai-Zhongshan-Jiangmen Metropolitan Area | Guangdong: Guangzhou, Foshan, Zhaoqing, Shenzhen, Dongguan, Huizhou, Zhuhai, Jiangmen, Zhongshan | |||
| SARs: Hong Kong, Macau | 56,000 | 70,000,000 (2017) | 18 February 2019 | ||
| Jing-Jin-Ji Megalopolis | Beijing Metropolitan Area, Tianjin Metropolitan Area | Municipalities: Beijing, Tianjin | |||
| Hebei: Xiong'an New Area, Tangshan, Baoding, Shijiazhuang, Langfang, Zhangjiakou, Chengde, Cangzhou, Qinhuangdao, Xingtai, Handan, Hengshui | 217,100 | 130,000,000 | Pending approval | ||
| Shandong Peninsula Megalopolis | Jinan Metropolitan Area, Qingdao Metropolitan Area | Shandong: Jinan, Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai, Zibo, Binzhou, Dongying, Tai'an, Weifang, Rizhao, Linyi | 28,000,000 | Pending approval | |
| Mid-Southern Liaoning Megalopolis | Shenyang Metropolitan Area, Dalian Metropolitan Area | Liaoning: Shenyang, Dalian, Benxi, Liaoyang, Anshan, Yingkou, Pulandian, Gaizhou | 27,000,000 | Pending approval | |
| Yangtze River Midstream Megalopolis | Wuhan Metropolitan Area, Circum-Changzhutan City Cluster, Circum-Poyang Lake City Cluster | Hubei: Wuhan, Huangshi, Ezhou, Huanggang, Xiaogan, Xianning, Xiantao, Qianjiang, Tianmen, Xiangyang, Yichang, Jinzhou | |||
| Hunan: Changsha, Zhuzhou, Xiangtan, Yueyang, Yiyang, Changde, Hengyang, Loudi | |||||
| Jiangxi: Nanchang, Jiujiang, Jingdezhen, Yingtan, Xinyu, Yichun, Pingxiang, Shangrao, Fuzhou, Ji'an | 317,000 | 121,000,000 (2014) | 26 March 2015 | ||
| Harbin-Changchun Megalopolis | Harbin Metropolitan Area, Changchun-Jilin Metropolitan Area | Heilongjiang: Harbin, Daqing, Qiqihar, Suihua, Mudanjiang | |||
| Jilin: Changchun, Jilin, Siping, Liaoyuan, Songyuan, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture | 51,100 | 20,000,000 (2015) | 23 February 2016 | ||
| Chengyu Megalopolis | Chengdu Metropolitan Area, Chongqing Metropolitan Area | Municipality: Chongqing | |||
| Sichuan: Chengdu, Leshan, Luzhou, Mianyang, Nanchong, Yibin, Meishan, Ziyang, Deyang, Suining, Neijiang, Zigong, Yongchuan, Dazhou, Guang'an | 185,000 | 90,940,000 (2014) | 12 April 2016 | ||
| Central Plain Megalopolis | Greater Zhengzhou Metropolitan Area | Henan: Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Luoyang, Nanyang, Shangqiu, Anyang, Xinxiang, Pingdingshan, Xuchang, Jiaozuo, Zhoukou, Xinyang, Zhumadian, Hebi, Puyang, Luohe, Sanmenxia, Jiyuan | |||
| Shanxi: Changzhi, Jincheng, Yuncheng | |||||
| Hebei: Xingtai, Handan | |||||
| Shandong: Liaocheng, Heze | |||||
| Anhui: Huaibei, Bengbu, Suzhou, Fuyang, Bozhou | 287,000 | 24,170,000 | 28 December 2016 | ||
| Beibu Gulf Megalopolis | Nanning, Nanning-Beihai-Qinzhou-Fangchenggang, Zhanjiang-Maoming-Yangjiang, Haikou, Zhanjiang | Guangxi: Nanning, Beihai, Qinzhou, Fangchenggang, Yulin, Chongzuo | |||
| Guangdong: Zhanjiang, Maoming, Yangjiang | |||||
| Hainan: Haikou, Zhangzhou, Dongfang, Chengmai, Lingao, Changjiang | 116,600 | 41,410,000 (2015) | 20 January 2017 | ||
| Guanzhong Plain Megalopolis | Greater Xi'an Metropolitan Area | Shaanxi: Xi'an, Baoji, Xianyang, Tongchuan, Weinan, Yangling Agricultural Hi-tech Industries Demonstration Zone, Shangluo (Shangzhou District, Luonan County, Danfeng County and Zhashui County) | |||
| Shanxi: Yuncheng (Pinglu County and Yuanqu County excluded), Linyi (Yaodu District, Houma City, Xiangfen County, Huozhou, Quwo County, Yicheng County, Hongtong County and Fushan County) | |||||
| Gansu: Tianshui, Pingliang (Kongtong District, Huating County, Jingchuan County, Chongxin County and Lingtai County), downtown Qingyang | 107,100 | 38,630,000 (2016) | 9 January 2018 | ||
| Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Yulin Megalopolis | Inner Mongolia: Hohhot, Baotou, Ordos | 175,000 | 11,384,000 (2016) | 5 February 2018 | |
| Lanzhou-Xining Megalopolis | Lanzhou-Baiyin Metropolitan Area, Xining-Haidong Metropolitan Area | Gansu: Lanzhou, Baiyin (Baiyin District, Pingchuan District, Jingyuan County, Jingtai County), Dingxi (Anding District, Longxi County, Weiyuan County, Lintao County), Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture (Linxia City, Dongxiang Autonomous County, Yongjing County, Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County) | |||
| Qinghai: Xining, Haidong, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Haiyan County), Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Gonghe County, Guide County, Guinan County), Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Tongren County, Jianzha County) | 97,500 | 11,930,000 (2016) | 22 February 2018 | ||
References
References
- In ''Standard for basic terminology of urban planning'' ([[Guobiao standards. GB]]/T 50280—98) issued in 1998, {{Lang. zh-cn. 城市群 is defined as "An area in which cities are relatively densely distributed in a certain region".
- (2012). "Supersized Cities". Economist Intelligence Unit.
- 王建芬. "Five city clusters planned to help boost balanced growth".
- Hu, Richard. (2023). "Reinventing the Chinese City". [[Columbia University Press]].
- "关于长江三角洲构建世界第六大城市群的思考".
- (2016-06-01). "长江三角洲城市群发展规划". [[National Development and Reform Commission]] and [[Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development]].
- Vidal, John. (2010-03-22). "UN report: World's biggest cities merging into 'mega-regions'". The Guardian.
- (2010-07-30). "印发《珠江三角洲城乡规划一体化规划（2009-2020年）》的通知". 广东省人民政府办公厅.
- "Outline Development Plan for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area".
- (2019-02-18). "中共中央 国务院印发《粤港澳大湾区发展规划纲要》".
- (2015-04-13). "长江中游城市群发展规划". [[National Development and Reform Commission]] and [[Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development]].
- (2016-03-07). "哈长城市群发展规划". [[National Development and Reform Commission]] and [[Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development]].
- (2016-04-27). "成渝城市群发展规划". [[National Development and Reform Commission]] and [[Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development]].
- (2016-12-29). "中原城市群发展规划". [[National Development and Reform Commission]] and [[Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development]].
- (2017-02-10). "北部湾城市群发展规划". [[National Development and Reform Commission]] and [[Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development]].
- (2018-02-02). "关中平原城市群发展规划". [[National Development and Reform Commission]] and [[Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development]].
- (2018-02-27). "呼包鄂榆城市群发展规划". [[National Development and Reform Commission]] and [[Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development]].
- (2018-03-13). "兰州—西宁城市群发展规划". [[National Development and Reform Commission]] and [[Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development]].
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