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Mayor of Rome

Head of the government of the city of Rome


Head of the government of the city of Rome

FieldValue
postMayor
bodyRome
flagInsigne Romanum coronatum.svg
flagsize100px
insigniasize100px
native_name*Sindaco di Roma*
imageRoberto Gualtieri 2023 (cropped).jpg
incumbentRoberto Gualtieri
incumbentsince[21 October 2021](2021-rome-municipal-election)
appointerElectorate of Rome
termlength5 years, renewable once
formation23 September 1870
inauguralFrancesco Rospigliosi Pallavicini
deputySilvia Scozzese
salary€10,000 monthly
website[http://www.comune.roma.it/wps/portal/pcr?jppagecode=sindaco_e_giunta_comunale.wp](http://www.comune.roma.it/wps/portal/pcr?jppagecode=sindaco_e_giunta_comunale.wp)
seatPalazzo Senatorio

The mayor of Rome () is an elected politician who, along with the Rome City Council () of 48 members, is accountable for the strategic government of Rome. As Rome is a comune speciale since 2009, the office is different from the offices of the other Italian cities. The title is the equivalent of Lord Mayor in the meaning of an actual executive leader.

Overview

According to the City of Rome Statutes, the Mayor of Rome is a member of the Rome City Council () ex-oficio as its overall head.

The Mayor is elected by the population of Rome. Citizens elect also the members of the City Council, which also controls the mayor's policy guidelines and is able to enforce the mayor's resignation by a motion of no confidence. The mayor is entitled to appoint and release the members of his cabinet, which are twelve () according to the Italian Constitution.

The seat of the City Council is the city hall Palazzo Senatorio on the Capitoline Hill.

History

When the City of Rome was founded, it was initially ruled by Kings. After the last King was overthrown, it would be ruled by Consuls who were elected by the Assembly of the Centuries. The Assembly of the Centuries was an extremely oligarchic voting system, with voters organized into blocks based on wealth, and each block having but one vote to elect the Consuls.

During the time of the empire, Rome was ruled by its Emperors, although the Consuls continued to exist in a largely ceremonial role. The Assembly of the Centuries was abolished, and the power to elect Consuls was transferred to the Senate alone. Once the Western Roman Empire ended, Consuls retook charge of the city, even as Kings once again ruled larger territories that included Rome. By this time there were no longer two Consuls in Rome, but one, the position of Consul Posteriori having been ceded to the younger Eastern Roman Empire.

In 534, a man named Decius Paulinus served as the very last Consul of Rome. (The last Consul was Byzantine Emperor Leo VI, but he did not rule from Rome.) The Senate survived as a city council of sorts, until it passed its final acts and voted to disband in 603. All the while, law and order were largely kept by various foreign occupiers (and their appointed city-governors).

In 756, the Donation of Pepin made Rome the capital of a newly formed Federation of the Papal States. After this, the city would be directly ruled by the same Popes who also ruled the much larger Papal States territory. During the final third or so of its existence, the Papal States also had a Governor of Rome, appointed by the Pope to rule the city in his name, allowing the Pope himself to focus on national and ecclesial matters.

Having been the capital of the Papal States, Rome did not receive its modern Mayor until 1870, when it became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy. The new Mayor served as a member of the city council, and he was appointed every three years by the King of Italy. Then since 1889 the Mayor was elected every four years by the City Council. However, the fascist dictatorship abolished mayors and City councils in 1926, replacing them with a single authoritarian Rector (Podestà) chosen by the National Fascist Party. The rector of Rome was called "Governatore" (Governor).

After World War II, the Mayor was chosen by the City Council. In 1993, the election of the Mayor was transferred from the City Council to direct election by the people. In 2001, the schedule of such elections was changed from every 4 years to every 5 years.

List of mayors of Rome

Papal States (1558–1870)

Main article: Cardinal Vicar#Cardinal Vicars General (1558–present)

From 1558 to 1870, the Papal States created the office of Governatore (Governor), also called Vice Camerlengo, chosen by the Pope.

  • 1558–1560 – Virgilio Rosario
  • 1560–1588 – Giacomo Savelli
  • 1588–1603 – Girolamo Rusticucci
  • 1603–1605 – Camillo Borghese (future Pope Paul V)
  • 1605–1610 – Girolamo Pamphili
  • 1610–1629 – Giovanni Garzia Millini
  • 1629–1671 – Marzio Ginetti
  • Acting 1671 – Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni
  • 1671–1714 – Gaspare Carpegna
  • 1714–1721 – Giandomenico Paracciani
  • 1721–1726 – Fabrizio Paolucci
  • 1726–1732 – Prospero Marefoschi
  • 1732–1759 – Giovanni Antonio Guadagni
  • 1759–1762 – Antonio Maria Erba-Odescalchi
  • 1762–1793 – Marcantonio Colonna
  • 1793–1795 – Andrea Corsini
  • 1795–1810 – Giulio Maria della Somaglia
  • 1810–1813 – Antonio Despuig y Dameto
  • 1813–1820 – Lorenzo Litta
  • 1820–1823 – Annibale della Genga (future Pope Leo XII)
  • Acting 1823–1824 – Giuseppe della Porta Rodiani
  • 1824–1834 – Placido Zurla
  • 1834–1838 – Carlo Odescalchi
  • 1838–1841 – Giuseppe della Porta Rodiani
  • 1841–1870 – Costantino Patrizi Naro

Kingdom of Italy (1870–1946)

From 1870, when Rome was annexed, the Kingdom of Italy created the office of the Mayor of Rome (Sindaco di Roma), chosen by the City council. In 1926, the Fascist dictatorship abolished mayors and City councils, replacing them with a single authoritarian Governatore (Governor) chosen by the National Fascist Party.

MayorTerm startTerm endPartyIndependent (politician)}}; color:black"Independent (politician)}}; color:black"Independent (politician)}}; color:black"Independent (politician)}}; color:black"Independent (politician)}}; color:black"Independent (politician)}}; color:black"1Historical Left}}; color:white"2Historical Left}}; color:white"3Historical Right}}; color:white"4Historical Left}}; color:white"(2)Historical Right}}; color:white"5Historical Left}}; color:white"6Historical Left}}; color:white"7Historical Right}}; color:white"8Historical Right}}; color:white"(4)Historical Right}}; color:white"9Independent (politician)}}; color:black"10Italian Radical Party}}; color:white"11Liberals (Italy)}}; color:white"(9)Liberals (Italy)}}; color:white"12Liberals (Italy)}}; color:white"13Liberals (Italy)}}; color:white"14Independent (politician)}}; color:black"15National Fascist Party}}; color:white"1National Fascist Party}}; color:white"2National Fascist Party}}; color:white"3National Fascist Party}}; color:white"4National Fascist Party}}; color:white"5National Fascist Party}}; color:white"6National Fascist Party}}; color:white"7National Fascist Party}}; color:white"8Independent (politician)}}; color:black"16
Michelangelo Caetani23 September 187030 September 1870Independent
Guido Orazio Falconieri1 October 187028 Novembren 1870Independent
*Giuseppe Lunati*29 November 187020 December 1870Independent
*Filippo Doria Pamphili*21 December 1870March 1871Independent
*Giovanni Angelini*March 187116 April 1871Independent
Francesco Rospigliosi Pallavicini16 April 187121 October 1871Independent
Luigi Pianciani29 July 18735 August 1874Left
Pietro Venturi15 January 18757 November 1877Left
Emanuele Ruspoli18 July 187820 July 1880Right
Luigi PiancianiOctober 1881May 1882Left
Leopoldo TorloniaMay 188231 December 1887Right
Alessandro Guiccioli24 October 188828 November 1889Left
Augusto Armellini28 November 188920 June 1890Left
Onorato Caetani29 December 189014 November 1892Right
Emanuele Ruspoli14 November 189229 November 1899Right
Prospero Colonna di PalianoDecember 1899October 1904Right
Enrico Cruciani Alibrandi10 July 190510 July 1907Independent
Ernesto Nathan25 November 19078 December 1913Radical
Prospero Colonna di Paliano6 July 19148 June 1919Liberal
Adolfo Apolloni8 June 191925 November 1920Liberal
Luigi Rava25 November 192023 May 1921Liberal
Giannetto Valli23 May 192126 June 1922Liberal
Filippo Cremonesi26 June 19221 January 1926Independent
**Fascist Governor** (1926–1944)
Filippo Cremonesi1 January 19269 December 1926PNF
Ludovico Spada Veralli Potenziani9 December 192613 September 1928PNF
Francesco Boncompagni Ludovisi13 September 192823 January 1935PNF
Giuseppe Bottai23 January 193515 November 1936PNF
Piero Colonna15 November 193630 August 1939PNF
Giangiacomo Borghese30 August 193921 August 1943PNF
Riccardo Motta21 August 19436 January 1944PFR
Giovanni Orgera6 January 19444 June 1944PFR
**Allied occupation** (1944–1946)
Filippo Andrea VI Doria Pamphili10 June 194410 December 1946Independent

Republic of Italy (1946–present)

City Council election (1946–1993)

From 1946 to 1993, the Mayor of Rome was chosen by the City Council.

MayorTerm startTerm endPartyCoalitionElectionChristian Democracy (Italy)}}; color:black"17Christian Democracy (Italy)}}; color:black"18Christian Democracy (Italy)}}; color:black"19-Christian Democracy (Italy)}}; color:black"20Christian Democracy (Italy)}}; color:black"21Christian Democracy (Italy)}}; color:black"22Christian Democracy (Italy)}}; color:black"23Italian Communist Party}}; color:white"24Italian Communist Party}}; color:white"25Italian Communist Party}}; color:white"26Christian Democracy (Italy)}}; color:black"27Christian Democracy (Italy)}}; color:black"28-Italian Socialist Party}}; color:white"29-
[[File:Rebecchini 2.jpg70px]]Salvatore Rebecchini
(1891–1977)10 December 19465 November 1947DCDC1946
5 November 19474 July 1952DC PLI UQ1947
4 July 19522 July 1956DC PLI PRI1952
[[File:Umberto Tupini2.jpg70px]]Umberto Tupini
(1889–1973)2 July 195610 January 1958DC*Centrism*
(DC PLI PRI PSDI)1956
[[File:Urbano Cioccetti, Mayor of Rome, recieves a letter from Mayor John F. Collins (13562815235) (cropped) (cropped).jpg70px]]Urbano Cioccetti
(1905–1978)10 January 195811 July 1961DC
1960
[[File:Glauco Della Porta.jpg70px]]Glauco Della Porta
(1920–1976)17 July 196212 March 1964DC*Organic Centre-left*
(DC PSI PSDI PRI)1962
[[File:Americo Petrucci.jpg70px]]Amerigo Petrucci
(1922–1983)12 March 196428 July 1966DC
28 July 196629 December 19671966
[[File:Rinaldo Santini.jpg70px]]Rinaldo Santini
(1914–2013)29 December 196730 July 1969DC
[[File:Clelio Darida.jpg70px]]Clelio Darida
(1927–2017)30 July 19697 August 1971DCDC PSI PSDI
7 August 19719 August 1976DC1971
[[File:Argan politico.jpg70px]]Giulio Carlo Argan
(1909–1992)9 August 197629 September 1979SI*Red Executive*
(PCI PSI PSDI PRI)1976
[[File:Italy politic personality icon.svg70px]]Luigi Petroselli
(1932–1981)29 September 19797 October 1981PCI
[[File:Ugo Vetere.jpg70px]]Ugo Vetere
(1924–2013)15 October 198130 July 1985PCI1981
[[File:Nicola Signorello.jpg70px]]Nicola Signorello
(1926–2022)30 July 19856 August 1988DC*Pentapartito*
(DC PSI PSDI PRI PLI)1985
[[File:Italy politic personality icon.svg70px]]Pietro Giubilo
(b. 1942)6 August 198819 July 1989DC
[[File:Franco Carraro datisenato 2013.jpg70px]]Franco Carraro
(b. 1939)19 December 198919 April 1993PSI*Pentapartito*
(DC PSI PSDI PRI PLI)1989

;Notes

Direct election (since 1993)

Since 1993, under provisions of new local administration law, the Mayor of Rome is chosen by direct election, originally every four, and since 2001 every five years.

Mayor of RomeTook officeLeft officePartyCoalitionElection
Federation of the Greens}};"****[[File:Francesco Rutelli 2001 crop.jpg70px]]Francesco Rutelli
(b. 1954)6 December 199317 November 1997FdVAlliance of Progressives}};"
17 November 19978 January 2001Centre-left coalition}};"The Olive Tree
(PDS-PRC-FdV-PPI-LP-SDI)[1997](1997-rome-municipal-election)
*Enzo Mosino, Special Prefectural Commissioner (8 January 2001 – 1 June 2001)*
Democratic Party (Italy)}};"****[[File:Walter Veltroni cropped.jpg70px]]Walter Veltroni
(b. 1955)1 June 20011 June 2006DS
PDCentre-left coalition}};"
1 June 200613 February 2008Centre-left coalition}};"The Olive Tree
(DS-FdV-DL-PRC-IdV-PdCI)[2006](2006-rome-municipal-election)
*Mario Morcone, Special Prefectural Commissioner (13 February 2008 – 28 April 2008)*
People of Freedom}};"****[[File:Gianni Alemanno crop.jpg70px]]Gianni Alemanno
(b. 1958)28 April 200812 June 2013PdLCentre-right coalition}};"
Democratic Party (Italy)}};"****[[File:Ignazio Marino crop.jpg70px]]Ignazio Marino
(b. 1955)12 June 201331 October 2015PDCentre-left coalition}};"
*Francesco Paolo Tronca, Special Prefectural Commissioner (31 October 2015 – 22 June 2016)*
Five Star Movement}};"**34**[[File:Virginia Raggi 2018 (cropped).jpg70px]]Virginia Raggi
(b. 1978)22 June 201621 October 2021M5SFive Star Movement}};"
Democratic Party (Italy)}};"****[[File:Roberto Gualtieri 2017.jpg70px]]Roberto Gualtieri
(b. 1966)21 October 2021*Incumbent*PDCentre-left coalition}};"

;Notes

Timeline

Mayors

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DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1946 till: TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:5 start:1946 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1946

BarData = barset:PM

PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:PM

from: 10/12/1946 till: 02/07/1956 color:dc text:"Rebecchini" fontsize:10 from: 02/07/1956 till: 10/01/1958 color:dc text:"Tupini" fontsize:10 from: 10/01/1958 till: 11/07/1961 color:dc text:"Cioccetti" fontsize:10 from: 17/07/1962 till: 12/03/1964 color:dc text:"Della Porta" fontsize:10 from: 12/03/1964 till: 29/12/1967 color:dc text:"Petrucci" fontsize:10 from: 29/12/1967 till: 30/07/1969 color:dc text:"Santini" fontsize:10 from: 30/07/1969 till: 09/08/1976 color:dc text:"Darida" fontsize:10 from: 09/08/1976 till: 29/09/1979 color:pci text:"Argan" fontsize:10 from: 29/09/1979 till: 07/10/1981 color:pci text:"Petroselli" fontsize:10 from: 15/10/1981 till: 30/07/1985 color:pci text:"Vetere" fontsize:10 from: 30/07/1985 till: 06/08/1988 color:dc text:"Signorello" fontsize:10 from: 06/08/1988 till: 19/07/1989 color:dc text:"Giubilo" fontsize:10 from: 19/12/1989 till: 19/04/1993 color:psi text:"Carraro" fontsize:10 from: 06/12/1993 till: 08/01/2001 color:fdv text:"Rutelli" fontsize:10 from: 01/06/2001 till: 13/02/2008 color:pd text:"Veltroni" fontsize:10 from: 28/04/2008 till: 12/06/2013 color:pdl text:"Alemanno" fontsize:10 from: 12/06/2013 till: 31/10/2015 color:pd text:"Marino" fontsize:10 from: 22/06/2016 till: 21/10/2021 color:m5s text:"Raggi" fontsize:10 from: 21/10/2021 till: end color:pd text:"Gualtieri" fontsize:10

Political coalition

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DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1946 till: TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:5 start:1946 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1946

BarData = barset:PM

PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:PM

from: 10/12/1946 till: 11/07/1961 color:dc text:"Centrism" fontsize:8 from: 17/07/1962 till: 07/08/1971 color:pink text:"Organic Centre-left" fontsize:8 from: 07/08/1971 till: 09/08/1976 color:dc text:"DC" fontsize:8 from: 09/08/1976 till: 30/07/1985 color:pci text:"Red Executive" fontsize:8 from: 30/07/1985 till: 19/04/1993 color:pen text:"Pentapartito" fontsize:8 from: 06/12/1993 till: 13/02/2008 color:pd text:"Centre-left" fontsize:8 from: 28/04/2008 till: 12/06/2013 color:pdl text:"Centre-right" fontsize:8 from: 12/06/2013 till: 31/10/2015 color:pd text:"Centre-left" fontsize:8 from: 22/06/2016 till: 21/10/2021 color:m5s text:"M5S" fontsize:8 from: 21/10/2021 till: end color:pd text:"Centre-left" fontsize:8

By time in office

RankMayorPolitical PartyTotal time in office12345678910111213141516171819
Salvatore RebecchiniDC
Francesco RutelliFdV
Clelio DaridaDC
Walter VeltroniDS
Virginia RaggiM5S
Gianni AlemannoPdL
**Roberto Gualtieri****PD******
Amerigo PetrucciDC
Ugo VeterePCI
Urbano CioccettiDC
Franco CarraroPSI
Giulio Carlo ArganSI
Nicola SignorelloDC
Ignazio MarinoPD
Luigi PetroselliPCI
Glauco Della PortaDC
Rinaldo SantiniDC
Umberto TupiniDC
Pietro GiubiloDC

Election

Deputy Mayor

The office of the Deputy Mayor of Rome was officially created in 1993 with the adoption of the new local administration law. The Deputy Mayor is nominated and eventually dismissed by the Mayor.

#DeputyTerm startTerm endPartyMayorDemocratic Party of the Left}}; color:white"1The Daisy}}; color:white"2The Daisy}}; color:white"3The People of Freedom}}; color:white"4The People of Freedom}}; color:white"5Left Ecology Freedom}}; color:white"6Democratic Party (Italy)}}; color:white"7Five Star Movement}}; color:black"8Five Star Movement}}; color:black"9Five Star Movement}}; color:black"10Independent politician}}; color:black"11
Walter Tocci8 December 199317 November 1997PDS
DSRutelli
20 November 19978 January 2001
Enrico Gasbarra4 June 200117 June 2003DLVeltroni
Mariapia Garavaglia24 June 20031 June 2006DL
8 June 200613 February 2008
Mario Cutrufo16 May 200815 July 2011PdLAlemanno
Sveva Belviso19 July 201112 June 2013PdL
Luigi Nieri27 June 201327 July 2015SELMarino
Marco Causi28 July 201531 October 2015PD
Daniele Frongia26 June 201617 December 2016M5SRaggi
Luca Bergamo22 December 201625 January 2021M5S
Pietro Calabrese27 January 202121 October 2021M5S
Silvia Scozzese3 November 2021*Incumbent*IndGualtieri

;Notes

References

References

  1. President of the Government Council of Rome (''Presidente della Giunta di Governo di Roma'').
  2. Acting mayor.
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