Mason Bogie locomotive

Concept and development

The American licensee of the Fairlie Patent steam locomotive was the firm of William Mason, located in Taunton, Massachusetts. Mason's first Fairlie locomotive was the Janus, an Double Fairlie built in 1871.

Janus was not commercially successful and was not repeated, so Mason experimented with a different design. In 1869, a Single Fairlie locomotive had been designed and constructed by Alexander McDonnell for the Great Southern and Western Railway in Ireland. This had a single boiler with one articulated, powered truck beneath it and a second, unpowered truck beneath the cab and bunker. Mason developed a set of standard plans based on this design with modified steam delivery systems.

Onward was a largely successful engine, but certain design elements proved troublesome. Bolts worked loose, center castings were too light, and the steam pipes and gaskets were insufficient. Mason also developed a sliding seal for the exhaust from the moving cylinder saddle into the smoke box. Although better, Mason's improvements took up much-needed space between the driving wheels, forcing Mason to use an outside valve gear (generally the Walschaerts valve gear). Additionally, the reversing shaft had to be mounted on top of the boiler, with a long lifting link dropping down to the radius rod, a feature unique to Mason Bogies due to the rotating truck and tight clearances.

Another problem with the early Bogies was poor tracking. Despite the drivers being articulated, excessive flange wear on the leading driver set required the use of a pilot truck. Nonetheless, these engines were in high demand, and even Onward was brought back under UP from Nevada to the Utah and Northern Railway despite the protests from Nevada Central, which owned the locomotive.

Production and service

148 Bogies were produced by the Mason Machine Works between 1872 and 1890, of which 96 were narrow-gauge units, the rest being standard gauge. This was about half the firm's total output of locomotives during this period. Major buyers included the Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad, a suburban carrier which owned 32, the Denver, South Park and Pacific Railroad, a Colorado common-carrier railroad which owned 23, the New York and Manhattan Beach Railroad which owned 17, and the Wheeling and Lake Erie which was the largest standard gauge customer with 16 locomotives.

The best-known Mason Bogies were those of the Denver, South Park and Pacific, which were the largest built for narrow gauge. Copies of the DSP&P's biggest engines were built for the Denver, Utah & Pacific, which sold them to the Burlington and Northwestern Railway, a CB&Q subsidiary in Iowa. The DSP&P engines were hard-used in Utah and all gone by 1894 except for one, which survived through a chain of owners until 1942.

The Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad almost exclusively used Mason Bogies and continued to order bogie types after Mason ceased locomotive production in 1890. Copies were built first by the Taunton Locomotive Manufacturing Company, then by Manchester Locomotive Works and finally by the American Locomotive Company. These were taken out of service when electrification was complete in 1928, except for two engines which were retained for snowfighting and work trains.

Snowfighting was found a considerable strength for Mason Bogies. F. G. Brownell of the Burlington & Lamoille found that their Mansfield could free itself from snowdrifts "higher than the cab" with minimal issue.

Surviving

Only one Mason Bogie, Torch Lake, survives, at Greenfield Village (part of The Henry Ford) in Dearborn, Michigan, a standard gauge . It was built in 1873 and still hauls passengers during the summer months.

Similar designs

Superficially similar to the Mason Bogie is another design, the Forney locomotive. Like the Mason Bogie, the Forney has powered axles under the boiler and a trailing truck under the rear bunker and tank behind the cab. However, the Forney's driving wheels are fixed in the frame, rather than articulated. They were reasonably popular, particularly on elevated railroads.

References

References

1. Fisher, Charles E.. (November 1936). "Mason's Bogies". The Railway and Locomotive Historical Society Bulletin.
2. (18 March 1870). "Double Bogie Tank Locomotive". Engineering.
3. "William Mason's "Onward"". UtahRails.
4. William Mason, Induction-Pipe for Bogie-Locomotives, {{US patent. 242464, granted June 7, 1881.
5. William Mason, Improvement in Locomotives, {{US patent. 177343, granted May 16, 1876.
6. Havron, Michael. "Records of the Mason Locomotive Works, Taunton, Massachusetts". Railway & Locomotive Historical Society.
7. "Single Boiler Fairlie Type Locomotives Constructed at the Mason Machine Works, 1871-1889". PacificNG.
8. "Utah & Northern Railway (1879-1889)". UtahRails.
9. Mason Bogie loco 2-8-6T narrow gauge B&NW #1 (c. 1890), [http://www.burlingtonroute.com/docs/library/subphoto/m.htm BRHS Subject-Photo index, page M] {{webarchive. link. (2014-04-13 , Burlington Route Historical Society, May 28, 2013.)
10. "Union Pacific System Roster, 1885-1898, Narrow Gauge". UtahRails.