Lop County

History

Local inhabitants at Sampul cemetery (Shanpula; سامپۇل / ) around 14 km where art such as the Sampul tapestry has been found, buried their dead from roughly 217 BCE to 283 CE. The analysis of mtDNA haplogroup distribution showed that the Sampula inhabitants had a large mixture of East Asian, West-Asian and European characteristics. According to Chengzhi et al. (2007), analysis of maternal mitochondrial DNA of the human remains has revealed genetic affinities at the maternal side to Ossetians and Iranians, an Eastern-Mediterranean paternal lineage.

Archaeologist Aurel Stein visited Rawak Stupa during his First Central Asian expedition in April 1901.

Lop County was established in August 1902.

In May 1956, Abdimit, a Sufi shaykh from Khotan, attempted to incite insurrection in the county which was put down by armed troops and police forces.

The Sampul tapestry was discovered in Sampul in the mid-1980s.

Between August 1986 and May 1987, an outbreak of viral hepatitis occurred in Dol (Duolu) township resulting in 9,371 cases of acute hepatitis and 47 deaths.

In 2004, an official who declined to be identified from the Lop county religious affairs committee told Radio Free Asia that fasting was not allowed during Ramadan, and that high school students in his town would be given candy before they left school at 4:30 p.m.. The official confirmed reports that Chinese authorities were continuing a program of heavy religious control and censorship.

On July 11, 2006, the townships of Jiya and Yurungqash (Yulongkashi), then part of Lop County, were transferred to Hotan City.

According to the World Uyghur Congress and Radio Free Asia, in the lead-up to the 2008 Beijing Olympics, authorities in Lop county forced women to remove head coverings in a stated effort to promote "women for the new era".

On October 21, 2014, Sampul township was re-designated as a town.

At 9 PM on May 11 and 8:15 AM on May 12, 2015, two suicide bombings at a security checkpoint station in the county resulted in six deaths and four injured.

On November 20, 2016, Hanggiya (Hanggui) was changed from a township into a town.

Marriages between Uyghurs and Han Chinese persons are encouraged with subsidies by the government. In October 2017, the marriage of a Han Chinese man from Henan Province to a Uyghur woman from the county was celebrated on the county's social media page.

Hetian Haolin Hair Accessories, a company first registered at the Lop County Beijing Industrial Park (洛浦县北京工业园区) in 2018, employed 5,000 new workers in its first year of business, making 159 international shipments. The Lop County Beijing Industrial Park has been associated with re-education camp photographs.

According to The Guardian, as of early 2019, there were eight internment camps, officially labelled "vocational training centres", in the county.

To increase aid delivery to Xinjiang, places in Xinjiang are paired with other areas of China which can provide aid. Tianjin and Hotan are paired in this program. In July 2019, football equipment and training materials with pictures and videos to local youth players and football coaches were provided for primary school students in the county.

On September 14, 2020, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security blocked imports of products from four entities in Xinjiang including all products made with labor from the Lop County No. 4 Vocational Skills Education and Training Center and hair products made in the Lop County Hair Product Industrial Park.

Geography

The northern part of Lop County is made up of sand dunes and ends in a straight line drawn in the Taklamakan Desert that forms part of the boundary between Hotan Prefecture and Aksu Prefecture. The Hotan River forms the boundary with Karakax County. The National Closed Sandified Land Protected Area is located in Northern Hanggiya Township.

The towns and townships are clustered around the oases around the highways in the southern part of the county.

The southern tip of the county reaches the Kunlun Mountains. At 5466 m above sea level, the highest point in the county is Tekiliktag (Tiekelekeshan, T'ieh-k'o-li-k'o Shan; تەكىلىكتاغ / 铁克勒克山).

File:NJ-44-10 Khotan, China.jpg|Map of the region including Lop (Lo-p'u) (DMA, 1983) File:Txu-oclc-6654394-nj-44-3rd-ed.jpg|Map including Lop (labeled as LO-P'U (LOP BAZAR)) and surrounding region (USATC, 1971) File:Operational Navigation Chart G-7, 6th edition.jpg|Map including Lop (labeled as LOP (LO-P'U)) and surrounding region (DMA, 1980) File:Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566 g-7a.jpg|Map including Lop (labeled as Lop (Lo-p'u)) (DMA, 1984)

Climate

|Jan record high C = 21.4 |Jan record low C = -23.9 |Feb record high C = 22.9 |Feb record low C = -23.3 |Mar record high C = 31.1 |Mar record low C = -8.4 |Apr record high C = 36.0 |Apr record low C = -0.2 |May record high C = 37.2 |May record low C = 2.8 |Jun record high C = 40.5 |Jun record low C = 7.9 |Jul record high C = 40.5 |Jul record low C = 10.2 |Aug record high C = 39.3 |Aug record low C = 7.2 |Sep record high C = 35.8 |Sep record low C = 2.6 |Oct record high C = 31.0 |Oct record low C = -4.7 |Nov record high C = 25.0 |Nov record low C = -11.5 |Dec record high C = 18.6 |Dec record low C = -20.1

Administrative divisions

The county includes 1 subdistrict, 4 towns, 5 townships, and 1 other area:

Other:

• Lop County Beijing Industrial Park (洛浦县北京工业园区)

Economy

The county is known for its silk and carpets. The county's economy is primarily agricultural, producing cotton, wheat, corn and silkworm cocoons. Industries in the county include tractor repair, concrete, carpets, and silk reeling.

, there was about 44,300 acres (293,944 mu) of cultivated land in Lop.

Demographics

|2000|235716 |2010|232916 |}} According to the 2002 census, it had a population of 240,000.

At the end of 2008, 98% of the population of Lop County was Uyghur and 1.9% of the population was Han Chinese.

As of 2015, 282,513 of the 287,590 residents of the county were Uyghur, 4,895 were Han Chinese and 182 were from other ethnic groups.

As of the 2010s, the population of the county, reported as 280,000 by The Guardian, was almost entirely Uyghur.

As of 1999, 98.6% of the population of Lop (Luopu) County was Uyghur and 1.36% of the population was Han Chinese.

In 1952, the population of Lop was 123,608.

Transportation

• China National Highway 217 through the Taklamakan Desert to northern Xinjiang
• China National Highway 315 between Hotan and Qira County
• G3012 Turpan–Hotan Expressway

Notes

References

References

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9. link. zh. 西以玉龙喀什河为界与和田县、和田市隔河相望，北伸延入塔克拉玛干大沙漠与阿克苏市、阿瓦提县为邻{...}总面积14287平方公里。{...}境内山丘属昆仑支脉，南部最高山为铁克勒克山，海拔5466米。
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26. link. XZQH.org. (2 December 2014). zh-hans. 2006年7月11日，洛浦县吉亚乡、玉龙喀什镇与和田县吐沙拉乡正式划归和田市管辖。
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31. link. (5 December 2016). zh-hans. 2016年11月20日，自治区人民政府同意撤销洛浦县杭桂乡建制，设立杭桂镇，其行政区域界线、政府驻地及隶属关系不变。
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40. link. XZQH.org. (2 December 2014). zh-hans. 光绪二十八年（1902年8月），析和阗东境玉河以东十五庄，于阗西境乙根兰杆以西二十三庄置洛浦县（《新疆图志·建置一》），仍属和阗直隶州，下设三普拉、阿提良、塔瓦克等三明（大庄）。{...}2000年第五次人口普查，洛浦县常住总人口235716人，{...}2003年，全县总面积14314平方千米，{...}2006年，将洛浦县吉亚乡、玉龙喀什镇划归和田市管辖。2008年末，洛浦县总人口62097户235785人，其中维吾尔族占98%，汉族占1.9%。{...}2010年第六次人口普查，洛浦县常住总人口232916人，其中：城区街道19649人，洛浦镇18127人，布牙乡30257人，山普拉乡29509人，恰尔巴格乡41710人，杭桂乡40496人，多鲁乡32399人，纳瓦乡12961人，拜什托拉格乡6119人，阿其克管理区1486人，良种场203人。 2010年5月25日，自治区政府（新政函[2010]98号）同意设立阿其克乡（前身为阿其克管理区）。2014年10月21日，自治区政府（新政函[2014]192号）同意撤销山普鲁乡，设立山普鲁镇。调整后，全县辖2个镇、7个乡：洛浦镇、山普鲁镇、布亚乡、恰尔巴格乡、杭桂乡、多鲁乡、纳瓦乡、拜什托格拉克乡、阿其克乡。
41. link. (13 December 2019). zh-hans. 清光绪二十八年（1902年8月），设置洛浦县。{...}2010年5月25日，自治区政府（新政函[2010]98号）同意设立阿其克乡（前身为阿其克管理区）。2014年10月21日，自治区政府（新政函[2014]192号）同意撤销山普鲁乡，设立山普鲁镇。调整后，全县辖2个镇、7个乡：洛浦镇、山普鲁镇、布亚乡、恰尔巴格乡、杭桂乡、多鲁乡、纳瓦乡、拜什托格拉克乡、阿其克乡。
42. link. [[National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China]]. (2018). zh-hans. 统计用区划代码 名称 653224001000 城区街道办事处 653224100000 洛浦镇 653224101000 山普鲁镇 653224102000 杭桂镇 653224201000 布亚乡 653224203000 恰尔巴格乡 653224205000 多鲁乡 653224206000 纳瓦乡 653224207000 拜什托格拉克乡 653224208000 阿其克乡 653224401000 良种场 653224402000 洛浦县北京农业科技示范园区 653224403000 洛浦县北京工业园区
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    {{lang. zh-hans. 多鲁 Dol {...}
    {{lang. zh-hans. 山普鲁 Sampul {...}
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