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Lithium nitrate

90 g/100 mL (28 °C) 234 g/100 mL (100 °C) | NFPA-H = 1 | NFPA-F = 0 | NFPA-R = 0 | NFPA-S = OX Potassium nitrate Rubidium nitrate Caesium nitrate Lithium chloride

Lithium nitrate is an inorganic compound with the formula LiNO3. It is the lithium salt of nitric acid (an alkali metal nitrate). The salt is deliquescent, absorbing water to form the hydrated form, lithium nitrate trihydrate. Its eutectics are of interest for heat transfer fluids.

It is made by treating lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide with nitric acid.

Uses

This deliquescent colourless salt is an oxidizing agent used in the manufacture of red-colored fireworks and flares.

Thermal storage

The hydrated form, lithium nitrate trihydrate, has an extremely high specific heat of fusion, , and hence can be used for thermal energy storage at its melt temperature of 303.3 K.

Lithium nitrate has been proposed as a medium to store heat collected from the sun for cooking. A Fresnel lens would be used to melt solid lithium nitrate, which would then function as a "solar battery", allowing heat to be redistributed later by convection.

Synthesis

Lithium nitrate can be synthesized by reacting nitric acid and lithium carbonate. :Li2CO3 + 2 HNO3 → 2 LiNO3 + H2O + CO2

Generally when forming LiNO3, a pH indicator is used to determine when all of the acid has been neutralized. However, this neutralization can also be recognized with the loss of carbon dioxide production. In order to rid the final product of excess water, the sample is heated.

Toxicity

Lithium nitrate can be toxic to the body when ingested by targeting the central nervous system, thyroids, kidneys, and cardio-vascular system. When exposed to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes, lithium nitrate can cause irritation to these areas.

References

References

  1. Pradyot Patnaik. ''Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals''. McGraw-Hill, 2002, {{ISBN. 0-07-049439-8.{{page needed. (December 2017)
  2. Wietelmann, Ulrich and Bauer, Richard J. (2005) "Lithium and Lithium Compounds" in ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'', Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. {{doi. 10.1002/14356007.a15_393.
  3. (2012). "Thermophysical Properties of Lithium Nitrate Trihydrate from (253 to 353) K". Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data.
  4. (2016). "Salt hydrates as latent heat storage materials:Thermophysical properties and costs". Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells.
  5. (23 March 2011). "A Solar Cooker Prototype for a Greener Tomorrow".
  6. "Synthesis database: Lithium nitrate synthesis". Amateur Science Network.
  7. "Material Safety Data Sheet". Sigma-Aldrich Catalog.
  8. "Chemical Datasheet". CAMEO Chemicals.
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nitrates lithium-salts deliquescent-materials pyrotechnic-oxidizers pyrotechnic-colorants oxidizing-agents
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