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Lithium bromide

Lithium bromide

166.7 g/100 mL (20 °C) 266 g/100 mL (100 °C) slightly soluble in pyridine | NFPA-H = 2 | NFPA-F = 0 | NFPA-R = 0 | NFPA-S = W Lithium chloride Lithium iodide Potassium bromide Rubidium bromide Caesium bromide

Lithium bromide (LiBr) is a chemical compound of lithium and bromine. Its extreme hygroscopic character makes LiBr useful as a desiccant in certain air conditioning systems.

Production and properties

Solubility of LiBr in water as a function of temperature
Phase diagram of LiBr

LiBr is prepared by treating an aqueous suspension of lithium carbonate with hydrobromic acid or by reacting lithium hydroxide with bromine.

Lithium hydroxide and hydrobromic acid (aqueous solution of hydrogen bromide) will precipitate lithium bromide in the presence of water.

:LiOH + HBr → LiBr + H2O

Uses

A 50–60% aqueous solution of lithium bromide is used in air-conditioning systems as desiccant. It is also used in absorption chilling along with water (see absorption refrigerator). Solid LiBr is a useful reagent in organic synthesis. It is included into oxidation and hydroformylation catalysts; it is also used for deprotonation and dehydration of organic compounds containing acidic protons, and for the purification of steroids and prostaglandins.

Medical applications

Lithium bromide was used as a sedative beginning in the early 1900s, but it fell into disfavor in the 1940s as newer sedatives became available and when some heart patients died after using the salt substitute lithium chloride. Like lithium carbonate and lithium chloride, it was used as treatment for bipolar disorder.

Hazards

Lithium salts are psychoactive and somewhat corrosive. Heat is quickly generated when lithium bromide is dissolved into water because it has a negative enthalpy of solution.

References

Cited sources

References

  1. Haynes, p. 4.70
  2. Haynes, p. 5.169
  3. Haynes, p. 10.249
  4. Haynes, p. 4.128
  5. (1972). "Über die Systeme Alkalimetallbromid/Mangan(II)-bromid". Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie.
  6. Haynes, p. 5.25
  7. [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/229733?lang=en&region=US Lithium bromide]. SIgma Aldrich
  8. Chambers, Michael. "ChemIDplus – 7550-35-8 – AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M – Lithium bromide – Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information.".
  9. Wietelmann, Ulrich and Bauer, Richard J. (2005) "Lithium and Lithium Compounds" in ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'' Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. {{doi. 10.1002/14356007.a15_393.pub2
  10. It forms several crystalline [[water of crystallization. hydrates]], unlike the other alkali metal bromides.{{Holleman&Wiberg
  11. "Bipolar Disorder: Treatment and Care".
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bromides lithium-salts metal-halides sedatives gabaa-receptor-positive-allosteric-modulators alkali-metal-bromides rock-salt-crystal-structure
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